• Queen Elizabeth II has been married to Prince Philip for 71 years.
• Two experts analysed photographs of the pair over time.
• They rarely show public affection, yet some small gestures suggest that they are still deeply committed to one another.
• Her Majesty naturally takes the lead but the Duke is never far behind. 
• They share a special touch.

Tuesday, November 20 marks Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's 71st wedding anniversary.

Despite their old age, the pair appear to still be touchingly committed to one another.

They're not known for wild public displays of affection, but the little they do show reveals a lot, according to body language experts.

Earlier this year, Patti Wood, the author of SNAP: Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language, and Charisma, and Blanca Cobb, behind Methods of the Masters, analysed photographs of the Queen and her Prince over time — and told Good Housekeeping that little has changed over the years. 

While the younger royals are more comfortable with showing their down-to-earth sides to the public, it's understandable that the older generation is a little more stiff.

Read more:The best photo from every year of Prince Philip's royal career

The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh marked their platinum wedding anniversary — an impressive 70 years of marriage — in November 2017. They've been through a lifetime of royal duties and, if the rumours are true, even affairs.

Yet the one thing that has never changed is their uncompromising commitment to one another.

Cobb told Good Housekeeping: "When you look beyond the royal formality of Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth's public appearances, you clearly see Prince Philip's love and adoration for his Queen."

And the feeling appears to be mutual.

But according to Wood, being the Monarch and all, the Queen feels the need to assert her independence, and she is "always trying to be seen as her own person."

He naturally lets her take the lead, but he's never far behind.

They even have a special touch that isn't all about affection.

"This type of hand hold is seen time and time again," said Wood. "It's more formal than interlocking fingers but it's unique to them. It's their way of reassurance and comfort."

Although these days, she pointed out, the touch is also for practical reasons, as at 92 years old Her Majesty is not as strong as she once was. "In her older years, the Queen holds hands with the Prince for assistance as opposed to affection."

And the Prince is always dutifully ready and waiting. "He's constantly looking at the Queen to make sure that she's okay. He's completely in tune with her needs," Cobb added.

During public appearances, you'll often catch them engrossed in a private conversation, a feat for any couple after a lifetime of marriage.

And they really do seem to still share the look of love...

... and make each other smile.

Rosie Fitzmaurice contributed to an earlier version of this post.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Trump once won a lawsuit against the NFL — but the result was an embarrassment

• Tumblr's app was removed from Apple's App Store because the company found child pornography had been slipping past its filters.
• In a blog post last week, Tumblr said it was resolving an issue with the iOS app.
• The Download reported on Monday that the company finding child pornography on its platform was the cause.
• Tumblr provided the Download with a statement confirming the report, which can now be found on its help center blog.

Tumblr's app vanished from Apple's App Store on Friday, and on Monday it was revealed that it was taken down because child pornography had been slipping past its security safeguards.

Tumblr said last week that its support team was working to "resolve an issue" with the iOS app. On Monday, The Download reported that the app was removed due to child pornography slipping past its security filters.

After The Download published, Tumblr updated its help center blog post with the following statement (emphasis ours):

"We're committed to helping build a safe online environment for all users, and we have a zero tolerance policy when it comes to media featuring child sexual exploitation and abuse.

"As this is an industry-wide problem, we work collaboratively with our industry peers and partners like [the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children] (NCMEC) to actively monitor content uploaded to the platform.

"Every image uploaded to Tumblr is scanned against an industry database of known child sexual abuse material, and images that are detected never reach the platform. A routine audit discovered content on our platform that had not yet been included in the industry database.

"We immediately removed this content. Content safeguards are a challenging aspect of operating scaled platforms. We're continuously assessing further steps we can take to improve and there is no higher priority for our team."

Apple declined to comment, but a spokesman directed Business Insider to Tumblr's blog post. At the time of writing, the Tumblr app is still unavailable on iOS, but is downloadable on the Google Play store for Android users.

SEE ALSO: Instagram's new TV service recommended videos of potential child abuse

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Amazon wants to open 3,000 cashier-less grocery stores — and they'll have a major advantage over their competitors

LONDON — Theresa May will travel to Brussels on Wednesday to meet European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker as she attempts to wrap up the final details of her proposed Brexit deal. 

The meeting comes as negotiators try to wrap up details of the so-called future framework, a brief document which will outline the UK and EU's aspirations for their future relationship on issues including trade and security. 

Both sides hope to agree the text for the future framework this week, ahead of a summit of EU leaders this week where it is hoped they will sign off the draft Brexit deal struck between the UK and EU.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The Obamas are worth $40 million — here's how they make and spend their money

• Stock-market volatility is set to continue in the new year and could trigger a correction steeper than any we've seen this year, said Andrew Milligan, the head of global strategy at Aberdeen Standard Investments. 
• The ongoing slump shows that investors are pricing in various risks, from an earnings slowdown to higher interest rates. 
• In commentary shared exclusively with Business Insider, Milligan outlined three ways investors can navigate the market's rough waters and profit from the volatility.

For the stock market, the year 2019 is shaping up to be more like 2018 than 2017.

Investors can recall the sleepy days of 2017 when the Cboe's volatility index fell to record lows as the market underwent a slow grind higher. Stocks took off late in the year and into January before giving way to a sharp correction the following month. And just after the S&P 500 achieved record highs in September, it rolled over once again.

Andrew Milligan, the head of global strategy at Aberdeen Standard Investments, is gearing up for a new year that's just as volatile as the old. In fact, the strategist at the UK-based $736 billion asset manager foresees a 5% to 15% global-market correction next year. Peak to trough, neither the S&P 500 nor the iShares MSCI All Country World Index has not fallen by much more than 10% in 2018. 

At the very least, the ongoing slump in markets shows that investors are pricing in risks that could materialize in a potent way next year. It's a robust list that includes higher interest rates, slower earnings growth, lofty valuations among growth stocks, the US-China trade dispute, fading fiscal stimulus, and the aging of the US economic cycle.

There's a silver lining to all this, according to Milligan. "Barring a major shock, share prices will eventually recover as the outlook for company profits remains positive, even if margins are coming under pressure," he said.

In the interim, investors need to position themselves for a bumpy season in markets. In commentary shared exclusively with Business Insider, Milligan offered three ways investors can ride out the wave and even profit from it.

1. Start putting cash to work

Cash has earned something of a bad reputation during this nine-year-plus bull market, as riskier assets like stocks and corporate credit offered more bountiful returns. 

However, with risk-free interest rates on the rise, the asset class is now a serious consideration for investors who are looking for downside protection.     

Milligan recommends that investors use cash as a portfolio stabilizer that lets them buy strong, cheaper assets when sell-offs create the opportunity.

Of course, it's also key to identify underlying growth triggers that would propel such stocks higher. These include companies that benefit from healthy cash flows that can be put to work through capital spending.

2. Squeeze more juice out of risk assets

Milligan, who works at the UK's largest active manager, says that stock picking will be more critical for investors in going forward.

That's because higher valuations equally increase the risk that many companies become disconnected from their earnings growth. Indeed, concerns about peak earnings — induced in part by company guidance during the third-quarter earnings season— have been a key driver of the ongoing tech-led sell-off.

Stock picking also helps investors profit from big winners and avoid big losers in a way that's not easily achievable with passive strategies. 

3. Diversify for less correlated returns 

One outcome of the ongoing sell-off has been a breakdown in the historical relationship between stocks and bonds. 

Treasuries typically benefit (and their yields fall) as a safe haven when stocks are falling. But the ongoing turmoil hit both asset classes and turned the correlation between stocks and bond yields negative — an occurrence that has been rare during the past 20 years, according to Bloomberg. 

The current higher correlations between equity and bond [prices] markets are making a traditional balanced strategy riskier than usual," Milligan said.

"Genuine diversification across wider asset classes will smooth out volatility in a portfolio and offset some of the risks. For example, a mixture of diversified equities, emerging market debt, US Treasury Inflation Protected Securities and European real estate will provide some ballast to portfolios."

SEE ALSO: Morningstar's $207 billion CIO was dumping US stocks before they got rocked during Red October — here are 2 under-the-radar global markets he's buying instead

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The first woman in space almost didn't make it back to Earth and she had to keep it a secret for 30 years

• Legendary investor Joel Greenblatt runs the Gotham Index Plus fund, which has beaten 99% of its peers over the past three years.
• The fund's methodology is largely based on Warren Buffett's classic value-investing tenets, with a special twist added.
• Greenblatt calls his "crude" offshoot of Buffett's techniques a "magic formula." He broke down his strategy in detail during an exclusive interview with Business Insider.
• Greenblatt also explained why the Gotham Index Plus fund is primed to continue outperforming, even amid recent market turbulence.

Warren Buffett's investment prowess is often imitated but rarely replicated.

After all, if everyone was able to easily and successfully employ the mega-billionaire's techniques, there would be a lot more super-wealthy investors.

At the same time, if that was the case, there wouldn't be as many inefficiencies for Buffett to exploit. Because it's ultimately the faction that doesn't subscribe to his school of thought that creates opportunity.

He's an old-fashioned value investor seeking bargains in the market. Chasing momentum — as so many have done throughout the record bull market— doesn't interest him.

But there's another wholly unique set of investors out there. Rather than using Buffett's methods to a tee, they use his principles as the foundation for more specialized techniques.

Joel Greenblatt— the legendary investor who oversees $5 billion as the managing principal and co-chief investment officer at Gotham Funds — is one such disciple.

He employs what he describes as a "magic formula," which is built on Buffett's main value-investing principles. As an extension of that, Greenblatt is focused on attractively priced stocks that also have viable underlying businesses. His so-called formula equates to value plus quality.

"Buffett is looking for companies that generate high returns on tangible capital," Greenblatt told Business Insider in a recent interview. "If you combine that with buying a cheap version of a company that’s providing a high return on tangible capital, that’s a crude version of Buffett’s approach — cheap and good businesses."

He continued: "At Gotham, we’re doing that on steroids. While the principles are the same, we are actually valuing businesses. We look at every financial statement."

We are actually valuing businesses. We look at every financial statement.

To further quantify Greenblatt's commitment to the cause, consider that Gotham employs 38 people, 20 of whom are focused on research. That's a formidable backbone of manpower dedicated to building upon Buffett's core methods.

And going off past results, Greenblatt's enhanced approach to the Buffett method seems to be working. The Gotham Index Plus, which is the firm's flagship fund, has generated a 16% return over the last three years, putting it in the 99th percentile relative to peers, according to Bloomberg data. On a trailing one-year basis, the fund is up 15%, putting it in the 97th percentile.

A deeper dive on Greenblatt's methodology

There are three additional wrinkles to Greenblatt's methodology that have helped make his investing strategy a market-dominating force.

The first is the way he constructs his portfolio, which has both long and short portions. For every dollar that's invested in the Gotham fund, Greenblatt does the following:

• Uses that $1 to buy the stocks underlying the S&P 500, at the index's set weighting
• Puts an additional 90 cents in his favorite S&P 500 stocks — the cheapest ones, in terms of trading at a discount to fair value
• Sells short 90 cents worth of stocks that are the most expensive, based on those same terms

With a portfolio set up like this, when Gotham's longs beat their shorts, the firm is able to add that additional return to what the index has generated. Clearly they've succeeded in doing so over the past few years.

"On average, we want to buy cheap companies that are doing well, and short expensive companies," explained Greenblatt.

The second prong of Greenblatt's core methodology is the way he looks at investing overall. Greenblatt is largely focused on the amount of cash generated, rather than simple price level, which immediately differentiates him from more traditional value investors.

"When you’re buying a business, you’re looking at cash flows, not whether a business is trading at low valuations relative to history," he told Business Insider. "We’re just valuing the business, and buying at a discount."

Third, Greenblatt doesn't just pick one single stock to serve as his bellwether for an investment theme. If he sees something he likes, he buys stakes in numerous other companies that share similar attributes. He then simultaneously shorts handfuls of stocks that don't strike his fancy.

We own a bucket of Apples, and we're short a bucket of Teslas.

As he's doing this, Greenblatt is keen to weed out stocks whose prices aren't supportive of their current cash flows. That means betting against companies like Tesla, which are based on their predicted cash flow several years down the line.

But that doesn't mean he's opposed to all high-flying tech names. In the end, all that matters is cash flow. Some cash-rich companies — like Apple — are still enticing when viewed through those terms, even if they might look expensive to the novice observer.

Greenblatt sums it up succinctly: "We own a bucket of Apples, and we're short a bucket of Teslas."

What the future holds

The elephant in the room when discussing the future for any investment firm — or strategy — is that the landscape as we know it seems to be warping into something unrecognizable.

One of the bull market's most tried and true trades has stopped working, volatility is spiking, and the whole playing field feels flipped upside down.

But Gotham appears uniquely positioned to withstand these topsy-turvy conditions. Greenblatt notes that the worst type of environment for his strategy is a "hopeful" market that keeps pushing prices higher for speculative stocks not supported by cash flows.

Considering many Wall Street experts characterized the stock market's performance throughout much of 2018 as a euphoria-based "melt up" of sorts, it's a small wonder that Greenblatt's fund is still in the 99th percentile over a long period.

Now that the entire tone of the market appears to be shifting more defensive, with investors rotating out of expensive winners and into cheaper laggards, it should play right into Gotham's hands. 

"We believe we'll be much more insulated, because we're long-short investors," said Greenblatt. "Our longs will tend to hold up better because we didn’t pay up for them. On the short side, we’re short companies with super-high expectations. When they come down a little bit, those companies get crushed. That combination should really be helpful for our strategy."

SEE ALSO: The market is at extreme risk of a 'flash crash' — here's what could send it over the edge and trigger the next big meltdown

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Trump once won a lawsuit against the NFL — but the result was an embarrassment

• China disappeared actress Fan Bingbing for three months earlier this year when she was accused of tax evasion.
• She reappeared last month with a groveling apology to the Chinese government.
• Over the weekend she published a post touting China's controversial claims to the South China Sea and Taiwan.
• It marks a striking conversion for Fan from pariah to effectively being a mouthpiece for China's geopolitical ambitions.

Actress Fan Bingbing wrote a post touting China's controversial territorial claims to the South China Sea, in her first appearance on social media since issuing a humiliating apology to Beijing for evading tax.

The actress disappeared from the public eye for three months earlier this year after she was accused of tax evasion. She broke her silence in early October with a groveling message to the Chinese government, which found that she signed a secret contract to avoid paying her taxes.

On Saturday the actress published her first post since the apology on popular microblogging site Weibo, which featured a map posted by China's Communist Youth League of the country's mainland, Taiwan, and a demarcated South China Sea with the Chinese flag imposed on it.

Fan added the caption: "China, without a bit missing!"

Read more:The humbling of Fan Bingbing is a warning shot from China to anyone who thinks they can defy them

China controversially claims to own both the South China Sea and the self-governing island of Taiwan.

China, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam all have claims in the South China Sea, many of which overlap. About $3 trillion of shipborne trade passes through the area every year, making it a major economic and strategic prize.

Beijing's claim to the South China Sea is marked by a dashed line, as can be seen in Fan's post above. The more complicated web of territorial claims can be seen in this map:

China is extremely defensive of its territorial claims in the sea. After a British warship sailed through waters claimed by China in September, the state-run China Daily warned that it could derail a future UK-China trade deal over the slight.

Last week US Vice President Mike Pence told Southeast Asian leaders that the South China Sea "doesn’t belong to any one nation," and reportedly flew through the area in a move that likely riled Beijing.

Beijing also insists that Taiwan is part of China, even though the island nation has been self-governing for decades and considers itself an independent nation.

Taiwan claims that China uses economic partnerships to pressure countries to cut off diplomatic ties with it. 

Read more:China is waging war against a cafe because it served coffee to Taiwan's president

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The true story behind Boston gangster Whitey Bulger

• Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip celebrate their 71st wedding anniversary on November 20.
• The couple are actually cousins.
• They share the same bloodline, and are both directly related to Queen Victoria.

Throughout their 71 years of marriage, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip have shared priceless memories and moments together — but they share a lot more than that.

The royals are cousins. They share the same bloodline, and are both directly related to Queen Victoria. 

Back in 2018, travel website Expedia developed an online tool which shows how the Scandinavian and British royal families have been linked through marriage throughout the years. It also shows just how closely linked the British royal family are.

Elizabeth is a direct descendant on her father's side. In February 1837, Victoria was crowned the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. She married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in 1840, and together they had nine children — four sons and five daughters.

Her eldest son, Edward, was born in 1841, and ascended the throne in 1901 following Victoria's death. His second-eldest son George ‚ who is Queen Elizabeth's grandfather — succeeded him in May 1910.

His reign lasted until his death 1936, when his son George VI became king.

Elizabeth then ascended the throne on February 6 1952 following the death of her father. In October 2016, she became Britain's longest-reigning monarch.

While Victoria is Elizabeth's paternal great-great-grandmother, Philip is related to the monarch on his mother's side.

See more: The Queen and Prince Philip still share a special touch and knowing looks after 71 years of marriage — here's what the body language experts say about them

Victoria's second daughter, Princess Alice, was born in 1843. In 1862, she married Ludwig IV — the Grand Duke of Hesse, and had seven children. In 1863, Alive gave birth to her first child, Victoria, who went on to marry her father's first cousin, Prince Louis of Battenburg, in 1884.

One year later, the pair had their first child, Princess Alice of Battenburg — Prince Philip's mother. Alice was still closely linked to the British royal family, and was even born at Windsor Castle in Berkshire in Queen Victoria's presence.

She married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark in 1903, after meeting him at King Edward VII's coronation in London the previous year. Together they had five children, with Prince Philip being the youngest, born in 1921. This makes Philip and Elizabeth third cousins. 

Though marrying relatives is far less common today, Expedia told Business Insider it was a requirement for most royal families for centuries.

"In many countries, you would lose your right to the throne if you married a commoner," said Sandra Pearson at Expedia, "hence your choice was very limited and you most probably would be related."

The full infographic shows just how close European royal families have been for generations. 

Some, Pearson added, even "inherited" their brides. For example Mary of Teck, Queen Elizabeth's grandmother, was originally engaged to Prince Albert — George V's older brother and the next-in-line to the throne.

But Albert died shortly before their planned wedding in 1892, so George — who became the heir-apparent — inherited the engagement and married her instead.

However in recent years, the requirements for marriage have relaxed, and many royals all over the world have married commoners and widened the gene pool.

Edith Hancock contributed to an earlier version of this article.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: 4 lottery winners who lost it all

• President Donald Trump's November 9 proclamation restricting asylum for immigrants who cross the border into the US illegally has been shot down by a US District Judge in San Francisco.
• The judge halted Trump's restriction on asylum seekers, clearing the way for the thousands-strong caravan of Central American migrants to eventually seek citizenship in the US.
• The US is part of pacts with the UN and has laws on the books in Congress that guarantee anyone the right to seek refugee status and asylum in the country.
• The judge ruled that Trump can't override Congress on this one. 

President Donald Trump's attempt to restrict asylum for immigrants who cross the border into the US illegally has been shot down by a US District Judge in San Francisco, clearing the way for migrant caravan to seek asylum and eventually citizenship.

On Twitter, Trump said "some very bad thugs and gang members," as well as "criminals and unknown Middle Easterners" were in the caravan.

Trump tried to restrict asylum rules in a proclamation on November 9, citing national security concerns and stresses on the immigration and asylum systems that stall applications.

Senior administration officials told reporters at the time of the proclamation that the current asylum system is currently backlogged with roughly 800,000 cases and in a "full-fledged and very large crisis."

Read more: Tensions are growing in Tijuana as 3,000 migrants arrive at the US border, a number officials expect to grow to 10,000 as asylum cases take months to process

Before the midterm elections, Trump campaigned hard on his stance against letting the migrants seek asylum, often accusing Democrats, without evidence, of coordinating the caravan. 

Following the election, Trump has made little mention of the caravan outside the proclamation. 

Current law allows for anyone, regardless of how they enter the country, to apply for asylum, which can lead to eventual citizenship. 

Asylum seekers to the US must prove that they legitimately fear persecution based on their race, nationality, religion, politics, or social group either from the government or forces the government cannot control.

The migrants have fled Central American countries including Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, which suffer from extremely concentrated violence their governments have failed to rein in. 

But Trump's demand that asylum seekers from the caravan must enter the US through one of 26 legal ports didn't sway the district court. 

"Whatever the scope of the president's authority, he may not rewrite the immigration laws to impose a condition that Congress has expressly forbidden," Judge Jon S. Tigar wrote in his decision against Trump, the Washington Post noted.

"Failure to comply with entry requirements such as arriving at a designated port of entry should bear little, if any, weight in the asylum process."

Read more: The first group of caravan migrants has reached the US border while thousands of others lag behind — here's what awaits them when they arrive

The US is part of United Nations compacts, and has laws on the books with Congress, that guarantee the right of migrants to seek refugee status or asylum.

Trump's order would render illegal border crossers unable to seek asylum, thereby effectively waiving their rights, the judge ruled. 

The White House usually appeals losses in court like this. While courts have knocked back much of Trump's immigration agenda, his travel ban was eventually upheld by the Supreme Court after some modification.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Fox News' Harris Faulkner is the only black woman in cable news with a daily show: 'It's a tremendous amount of responsibility'

• A new study has found that people are more likely to drink more alcohol in countries with colder climates and fewer hours of sunlight than in sunnier, warmer climates.
• The study was the first of its kind and analysed data from across the world.
• Researchers are now calling on tighter restrictions on alcohol advertisements during the winter.
• However, other academics are skeptical of the study's findings, claiming that further research has found the opposite situation within Europe.

When holidaying somewhere exotic, it's not uncommon to find oneself cooling down with a refreshing cocktail or a crisp beer more often than one would at home.

With this in mind, you'd be forgiven for thinking hotter weather would lead people to drink more alcohol — but according to a new study, this is not the case. 

In fact, living in a cold climate with little daylight could be making you drink more.

According to the study carried out by the University of Pittsburgh Division of Gastroenterology, there is a link between average temperature, hours of sunlight, and alcohol consumption.

The findings suggest that colder climates "may play a causal role" on how much people drink.

Senior author Ramon Bataller, associate director of the Pittsburgh Liver Research Centre, said: "This is the first study that systematically demonstrates that worldwide and in America, in colder areas and areas with less sun, you have more drinking and more alcoholic cirrhosis."

The researchers analysed data from 193 countries and found that as temperature and sunlight hours drop, alcohol consumption increases.

They used data from the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, and other large, public data sets and discovered a negative correlation between temperature and sunlight hours, and alcohol consumption (measured as total alcohol intake per capita, proportion of the population that drinks alcohol, and the levels of binge drinking.)

The study also found a link between climate and the incidence of alcoholic liver disease.

Read more: Here's how cutting out alcohol can affect your skin

Alcohol is a vasodilator, which means that it boosts the flow of warm blood to the skin, increasing feelings of warmth.

Higher alcohol consumption is also linked to depression, which tends to be more common during winter when there are fewer hours of daylight. 

However, lead author Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Ph.D., a postdoctoral researcher at the Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, added that it's important to highlight "the many confounding factors."

"We tried to control for as many as we could. For instance, we tried to control for religion and how that influences alcohol habits."

Other academics are skeptical of the study's findings, claiming that further research has found that within Europe, it is countries like the UK, Germany, Ireland, and Poland that have the highest rates of alcohol consumption, rather than colder, darker countries like Norway, Sweden, and Finland. 

"Basically, we have found within Europe that this correlation that has been found in another study globally, plays no role," Prof Jurgen Rehm from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health told the BBC.

However, Dr Peter McCann, a medical adviser to Castle Craig Hospital (a residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation clinic in the Scottish Borders) who contributed to the report, and is now calling for tighter restrictions on alcohol advertisements during the colder months.

"We now have new evidence that the weather, and in particular the temperature and amount of sunlight that we are exposed to, has a strong influence on how much alcohol we consume,"he said. 

"Furthermore this weather-related alcohol consumption is directly linked to our chances of developing the most dangerous form of liver disease — cirrhosis — which can ultimately end in liver failure and death.

"Stricter laws on alcohol pricing are surely justified when we consider the devastating combined effect of low sunlight and cheaper alcohol on consumption.

"Advertising laws should be addressed with restrictions during winter months strongly considered."

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Drinking too much alcohol can make you dizzy — here’s the science behind it

The whole nation goes into overdrive as soon as a royal wedding is announced.

In 2018 there were two weddings to get excited about: Prince Harry married Meghan Markle, and Princess Eugenie married Jack Brooksbank. 

INSIDER has compiled the one most iconic photo or painting from 28 of the 33 recorded royal weddings throughout modern British history.

Scroll on to see the royal weddings, in order from oldest to most recent, that have warmed the hearts of the British public throughout modern history — and to see how much fashion has changed since King George IV married Caroline of Brunswick back in 1795.

Bobbie Edsor contributed to an earlier version of this story.

April 8, 1795: Prince George (to be King George IV) married Princess Caroline at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.

The first cousins' marriage was not illegal at the time because the dangers inflicted on an incestuous couple's offspring weren't fully understood.

February 10, 1840: Queen Victoria married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at St James's Palace.

January 25, 1858: Princess Victoria (daughter of Queen Victoria) married Prince Frederick of Prussia at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.

• A Quebec judge has issued a ruling certifying a lawsuit against McDonald's for illegally advertising to children.
• A father from the Canadian region launched the suit after complaining that he's spent hundreds of dollars on happy meals for his three children.
• According to court documents, the father claims that the toys, which accompany Happy Meals, are displayed at children's eye level and often come as part of a series, which prompts them to ask for more.
• The man's lawyer argues that McDonald's is failing to comply with Quebec consumer protection laws, which prohibits advertising to children under the age of 13.
• McDonald's denies any wrongdoing.

A father from Quebec, Canada has filed a class-action lawsuit against McDonald's for illegally advertising to children — and a judge has allowed it to go ahead.

Antonio Bramante claims that he visits a McDonald's restaurant at once every two weeks with at least one of his three children, and has spent hundreds of dollars on Happy Meals under pressure from them, according to court documents.

Bramante complains that the toys that accompany Happy Meals are often linked with the launch of popular films and come as part of a series, which prompts children to ask for more Happy Meals in order to complete their set.

Read more:McDonalds and Disney are reuniting after over a decade apart — and it means Disney toys in your Happy Meals

Bramante adds that Happy Meal toys are displayed at children's eye level inside the restaurants.

"Mr Bramante claims that McDonald's is deliberately doing this to the detriment of vulnerable consumers, their children and their families," the court documents read.

Advertising to children under the age of 13 is illegal in Quebec, where the consumer protection laws are among the strictest in Canada.

"In today's world, parents have to choose their battles. And what's the easiest thing to give into? It's to feed your children," says Joey Zukran, the Montreal-based lawyer who filed the class action on Bramante's behalf, according to BBC News.

"McDonald's has a legal obligation to respect that law and they're not, in Quebec at least."

Zukran added that anyone who purchased a McDonald's Happy Meal in Quebec from November 2013 can ask to join the class action.

Last week, a court judge issued a ruling certifying the lawsuit.

The fast food chain, which has around 300 restaurants in Quebec, denies any wrongdoing, however.

"McDonald's Canada has received the ruling and plans to examine it carefully," McDonald's said in a statement given to BBC News.

"We are aware of our obligations under Quebec's advertising laws and reiterate that we do not believe this class action has merit."

Quebec does have three exceptions to its advertising laws regarding children: ads in children's magazines, for promoting a children's entertainment event, and for advertising via store windows, displays, containers, packaging and labels.

A representative for McDonald's told La Presse that the chain was covered by these exceptions, saying: "It's not illegal to sell or advertise Happy Meals."

However, Zukran is ready to argue that McDonald's is not covered by any of the exceptions.

The news comes after the fast food giant announced in February that it had cut calories in Happy Meals in a bid to win over parents.

"It's really what we see as a gentle nudge in encouraging more positive choices," McDonald's head of global nutrition, Julia Braun, told Business Insider at the time.

"As a mom I hear comments all the time that are like, 'you don't eat McDonald's,' or, 'you don't give McDonald's to your kids, right?'" Braun said. "And I'm shocked."

The change was part of McDonald's major effort to modernize how people perceive the fast food chain. 

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The Obamas are worth $40 million — here's how they make and spend their money

• Target missed expectations for third-quarter profits and same-store sales, sending shares down as much as 12% early Tuesday.
• Kohl's and Best Buy beat on both the top and bottom lines and raised guidance, but shares are down as Target's results overshadow their earnings outperformance. 
• Watch Target, Kohl's and Best Buy trade live.

Target is tumbling early Tuesday, down as much as 12%, after posting weaker-than-expected earnings for the third quarter. The results, and a broader market sell-off, are outweighing strong earnings from other retailers such as Kohl's and Best Buy amid concerns about the forthcoming holiday season.

Target reported adjusted earnings per share of $1.09, which was $0.03 lower than what analysts surveyed by Bloomberg were expecting. It generated $17.8 billion in sales versus $17.7 billion expected. Meanwhile, its same-store sales increased 5.1%, while analysts were expecting 5.2% growth.

"Our team delivered another outstanding quarter, driving comparable traffic and sales growth of more than 5 percent and earnings per share growth of more than 20 percent," said CEO Brian Cornell in a press release.

"We've made significant investments in our team heading into the holidays and they are ready to serve our guests with a comprehensive suite of convenient delivery and pickup options, a wide range of new products and unique gift ideas and a strong emphasis on low prices and great value."

Looking ahead, the company reiterated its full-year guidance and sees its adjusted earnings per share in the range of $5.3 to $5.50, while analysts were expecting $5.48.

Target's disappointing results are overshadowing other retailers that also delivered third-quarter earnings on Tuesday. Kohl's topped sales and profit forecasts and raised its full-year guidance, but shares tumbled as much as 12% early Tuesday. Similarly, Best Buy beat on both the top and bottom lines and lifted its outlook, but shares dropped as much as 2%.

Now read:

• The owner of Victoria's Secret tumbles after missing on sales, halving its dividend, and replacing its CEO

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: 7 places you can't find on Google Maps

• Bank of America has kicked off a campaign to tout its new brand positioning and logo.
• The brand refresh comes five years after the company launched a brand overhaul in 2013 in a bid to recover from its reputation taking a hit due to the financial crisis.
• "Purpose" has been a common theme among advertisers recently, with Ancestry and FedEx both also touting their brand purpose in recent campaigns.

The Minnesota Vikings and the Chicago Bears were not the only ones taking the NFL stage on Sunday night. Joining them during the commercial breaks was Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan, as the face of the financial giant's new 60-second TV spot.

The ad, in which the usually low-key exec can be seen straightening his tie and making his way through New York City, kicks off a campaign to reflect the company's new brand positioning. The refresh is centered around the tagline, "What would you like the power to do?," and puts the spotlight on Bank of America's customers, rather than its products.

"Over the past few years, we have focused our marketing efforts on the strength of our products and services perhaps at the expense of our brand purpose," Bank of America's CMO, Meredith Verdone, told Business Insider. "This is to remind people who we are, and what we stand for."

"Purpose" has been a common theme among advertisers recently, with Ancestry and FedEx both also touting their brand purpose in recent campaigns. For Bank of America specifically, the refresh marks the latest effort to put the focus on its customers. The company has been trying to deliver more personalized solutions to its customers, such as with the content series "Better Money Habits," for example. 

More broadly, the campaign marks the next stage of the brand overhaul the company launched back in 2013 in a bid to recover from its reputation taking a hit in the wake of the financial crisis, Verdone said. While the bank was struggling to find new ways to drive growth back then, it has been on an upward trajectory off late, with $22.8 billion in revenue in the third quarter of 2018.

Still, the essence of its brand purpose — making financial lives better through the power of every connection — hasn't changed since 2013, she said. 

"We want to be looking at how we can continue to be relevant in the environment we’re in," she said. "Our purpose stays the same, but the expression has changed. It's an evolution, not a revolution."

But not everything remains consistent. The brand's flagscape logo has gotten its biggest update since being introduced 20 years ago in 1998, to reflect a more modern brand that delivers "both cutting-edge technology and high-touch solutions for clients." The latest iteration of the logo has a new typeface, and the brand name in caps.

The broader campaign, which also features actor Matt Damon and fashion designer Tory Burch promoting their charity work with the bank, was created by ad agencies Hill Holliday and Super Union. It will continue to run during the holiday season across television, including during the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. It will also run on print, digital, mobile and social media.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: This mind-melting thought experiment of Einstein's reveals how to manipulate time

• Acura's ELS Studio 3D audio system is the latest iteration of a partnership with Panasonic since 2004.
• The system delivers professional-level sound worthy of a recording studio.
• Acura ELS Studio 3D beat out four other superb systems.

Business Insider just named its 2018 Car of the Year: the Kia Stinger.

Now it's time for Car Audio System of the Year.

In 2016 Bowers & Wilkins took the Audio prize. In 2017 Bose was the big winner.

As in the two previous years, we started with five contenders:

• Burmester
• Bang & Olufsen 3D
• ELS Studio 3D
• Harman Kardon
• Tesla Audio

As Business Insider's car audiophile, I did most of the testing, but I debated my assessments with senior reporter Ben Zhang and deputy executive editor Cadie Thompson.

We don't have a scientific process, or even an elaborate methodology for this award. As was the case in 2017, however, we did review close to 70 vehicles in 2018, which exposed us to a wide variety of audio systems.

We tend to pick out what some setups do better than others, though most car audio these days is excellent. The old AM/FM, two-speaker arrangements of yesteryear are of course long gone.

And even the most basic vehicles frequently offer Bluetooth integration, AUX ports, satellite radio, and multi-speaker soundstages, complete with powerful amplifiers, carefully tuned speakers, and subwoofers.

The market is separated into three tiers: fairly basic systems; premium systems; and super-premium, high-end systems. These upmarket systems are often an option on luxury vehicles, and at times a pricey one. But in our view, they're well worth considering.

When listening to music in your car, you're likely to be surfing media: terrestrial radio, satellite radio, CDs, MP3s, Bluetooth streaming, and streaming audio services such as Pandora, Spotify, or Tidal.

You may also be using USB inputs or an aux jack, so the quality of your source audio will vary. This year again I found that the aux jack gave me the best modern audio, although some experts maintain that the USB port is better and that using a CD player, if available, still offers the finest sound.

The big winner

I sampled the Acura ELS Studio 3D system in the all-new 2019 Acura RDX, and I was monumentally impressed.

It comes in two versions. The 3D specification taps a 710-watt amplifier and includes four specialized overhead speakers to go along with 14 others throughout an Acura vehicle. The "base" system has 550 watts and 12 speakers.

According the Acura and ELS parent Panasonic — who jointly launched the system in early 2018 — the 3D configuration was tuned by "eight-time Grammy-winning producer and engineer Elliot Scheiner," who has worked with some of the biggest names in music, including the Eagles, Eric Clapton, Steely Dan, and the Foo Fighters.

In the two years we've been handing out the Audio System of the Year, I've highlighted the exquisite nature of Bowers & Wilkins, whose system won in 2016, and the admirable consistency of Bose, last year's victor.

What struck me about the ELS Studio 3D is, understandably, the professional aspect. Scheiner has been involved since 2004, and in an interview he told me that the goal with ELS was always to get "studio sound in the car." What that means is audio accuracy. That differs from, say, the sort raptures that Bowers & Wilkins and Burmester deliver. It also isn't the same as consistency across musical genres, which I've admired in Bose.

Instead, the ELS Studio 3D sounds incredibly real. It doesn't sound like you're listening to a raw studio mix. But it creates a rich analog impression for music coming from digital sources. It's the kind of audio system that musicians appreciate because it can max out a mix, showcasing the skills of the players and singers as well as the engineers. More than any other car-audio system, it proves music is a team sport.

In terms of the specifics, there isn't quite as much sparkle on highs as I've enjoyed with other premium systems, and the bass is less broad than what I'm used to from Bose and Harman Kardon. The midranges are expansive, and in the Acura RDX the soundstage truly was 3D, an envelope of music. My overall impression was that ELS Studio 3D is a real thinking person's system. Whether it was Zeppelin or the magical phrasings of Melody Gardot, the sound was serious and beautiful.

The runner-up

Tesla designed its own audio system, and in both the Model X SUV and the new Model 3 sedan I've found it to be consistently impressive. It's a secret weapon for Tesla, and further proof the company wants to design and oversee as much of the vehicle experience as possible.

While it lacks the jaw-dropping capabilities of Burmester, the Harman-developed Revel Ultima setup found in Lincoln vehicles, and Bowers & Wilkins' deep audiophile credibility, Tesla audio makes compressed, streamed music sound wonderful. In my testing, the system has also been quite well tuned to the airy, open, minimalist interiors of Tesla's vehicles.

The remaining three systems are stunning. You aren't going to be disappointed in any way. Burmester, in particular, has shown me a steady talent for creating warm, concert-hall-like euphony, befitting the Mercedes-Benz automobiles in which I've encountered the system.

FOLLOW US: On Facebook for more car and transportation content!

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Business Insider's Car of the Year is the Acura NSX — a masterpiece of high-tech engineering

The Insider Picks team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.

• If you like to run and you want a little more support or warmth for your legs, you need a good pair of running tights.

• The Wolaco Fulton Full Compression Tights are our top pick because they're comfortable and functional with built-in pockets to stash your keys and other necessities while you run.

No matter which side of the shorts versus tights argument you may fall on when it comes to your workout habits, it’s hard to deny the appeal of longer active wear as the days grow shorter and colder. Luckily, even if you’re not normally a fan of moving around your neighborhood in spandex, there are a wide range of options available that will help you achieve peak performance, and look good doing it.

When considering your next pair of performance tights, you’ll want to keep a few things in mind. First off, what kind of activities are you most likely to engage in? If you’re a trail runner, you’ll likely want a different pair from the guy who spends most of his workout doing squats at the gym.

You’ll also want to think about the degree of compression you want in your tights. Compression clothing is generally thought useful for holding your muscles in place, helping you achieve a higher level of athletic performance. Of course, there’s some conflicting evidence as to just how effective compression really is when it comes to improving athleticism, but all the same, if you’re a fan of even tighter tights, you may want to consider a pair of compression leggings.

You should also pay heed to the material used in your next pair of tights. If you’re generally engaged in pretty sweaty workouts, it may behoove you to check out a pair of moisture-wicking tights. Alternatively, there are other manufacturers that use more breathable fabrics, which allows for greater air flow and overall comfort during your workout.

Finally, of course, you’ll want to keep price points in mind. Workout gear doesn’t have to set you back hundreds of dollars, and you can often find pretty fantastic pieces without burning a hole in your wallet.

Here are the best men's running tights you can buy:

• Best tights overall: Wolaco Fulton Full Compression Tights
• Best warm tights: Rebook Thermowarm Running Tights
• Best cooling tights: Nike Pro Hyper Cool Tights
• Best anti-stink tights: 2XU Compression Heat Tights
• Best comfortable tights: Under Armour Run True Tights

Read on in the slides below to check out our top picks.

The best men’s running tights overall

Why you'll love them: Wolaco makes fantastic full-length compression pants that are perfect for runs, and they even come with handy pockets for your keys and maybe a phone.

While guys hitting the gym may want easy, breezy shorts with plenty of room, the same can't be said for distance runners. And that's where Wolaco comes in. The brand has long been a crowd favorite — It did, after all, get its start from the crowdfunding site Kickstarter. Wolaco ultimately raised more than $120,000 from 1,465 backers and has since become a mainstay in the compression wear game.

Now, just three years later, Wolaco's clothes are available at the luxury gym Equinox. Its availability in gyms also gives people the opportunity to feel the fabric and check out the design firsthand, rather than relying on photos and testimonials.

Speaking of testimonials, we can't sing Wolaco's praises enough. Multiple Business Insider folks have tried and loved these compression shorts and pants, lauding both the availability of pockets and the durability of the material.

Aesthetically, I have to say that the Wolaco compression tights alike look pretty damn good. They're by no means obscenely tight, but do exactly what compression wear is supposed to do: keep everything in place while you get your exercise on. They’ve quickly become my boyfriend’s go-to pair of running tights, and despite his insistence upon maintaining as minimal a closet as possible, he always makes room for Wolaco gear.

Happy buyers have noted that the "quality of the materials and the workmanship [are] excellent." And the folks over at Confessions of an Amateur Athlete noted that they "loved the color, fit, and even more, the convenient pockets."

Wolaco offers its compression tights, known as the Fulton pant, in three-quarters or full length.

Pros: Great for runners, durable fabric, moisture-wicking and fast-drying design

Cons: Some users reported fit issues, so be careful when reading the sizing guides

Buy the Fulton Full Compression Pants at Wolaco for $85

The best running tights for cold weather

Why you'll love them: For mornings and evenings that are not just chilly, but windy, too, you’ll need a pair of tights like Reebok’s new Thermowarms to keep you cozy throughout your workout.

There’s a reason you’re meant to warm up before working out, and in much the same way, you want to stay warm throughout your workout. While you can normally maintain your body temperature simply by upping your activity level, on particularly cold days and nights, this may be a bit more difficult to do. Enter Thermowarm, a new technology from Reebok that’s meant specifically for the chilly weather to come.

These newly designed tights are built especially for running, and are comprised of a performance fleece that feels remarkably soft on your skin. Not only does it feel great, but the fabric insulates against the elements, too. When wind chill sends temperatures into negative ranges, you’ll be thankful to have a pair of Thermowarms around.

In addition to the warmth provided by the fabric, these tights also feature woven panels on the front to shield your legs from strong headwinds. And with the addition of a secure stash pocket, you can keep keys, cash, and other essentials on your person throughout your workout.

The Thermowarm fabric has the added benefit of being sweat-wicking, which helps maintain a higher body temperature, and the addition of fleece and woven fabrics directly into the spandex help to make this a particularly comfortable pair of tights. An internal drawcord helps keep a secure fit around your waist, while 360-degree reflectivity keeps you safe during the evening hours.

Pros: Extremely warm, offers protection from headwinds, sweat-wicking, comfortable

Cons: Because these tights are so warm, they’re not exactly all-weather friendly

Buy the Thermowarm Running Tights at Reebok for $75

The best cooling tights for runners

Why you'll love them: Nike’s Pro HyperCool tights are not only great for keeping you cool on your run, but are also cooly priced below $40.

Nike makes a wide range of fantastic running gear for men and women alike, but one of its more notable products for guys may just be the Nike Pro HyperCool tights. As the name suggests, the purpose of this particular piece of clothing is to keep your legs from suffocating on those hot summer days. Because the only thing more important than keeping you warm in the winter is keeping you cool in the summer.

Available in a three-quarters length, the HyperCool training tight is made of a breathable mesh that provides enough coverage to keep you decent without feeling oppressive. The fabric is also remarkably stretchy, which offers some extra ventilation during the sweatiest of workouts.

The HyperCool fabric also purports to provide targeted ventilation, and when the ever-picky boyfriend took these out for a trial run, he did indeed report back that they felt markedly cooler than the tights he was accustomed to.

Nike also integrates flat seams into these tights so as to reduce any itching or discomfort against your skin, which can be key for longer runs.

These tights are currently available in four colors, perhaps the most interesting of which is the Gunsmoke option. While color blocking isn’t necessarily common among men’s clothing, the dark grey to light grey transition of this particular pair offers up a rather sleek aesthetic. And if you can look good while working out, simply by donning a pair of these tights, why wouldn’t you? Best of all, the HyperCools are currently on sale for less than $40.

Pros: Cooling fabric, three-quarters length is especially well-suited to warmer months, affordable

Cons: If you’re not a fan of longer running wear in the summer and want something warmer in the winter, these may not be the best tights for you

Buy the Pro HyperCool Running Tights at Nike for $39.97

Healthcare is not an easy field to break into as an entrepreneur. Beyond the operations of business, a grasp on complex science and tech is also needed. 

This year's spotlighted members of Forbes' 30 under 30 list for healthcare is diverse in both interests and in age. The youngest entrepreneur clocks in at only 18. 

Business Insider asked these healthcare superstars what advice they would have wanted to hear when they were first starting out. Here's what a few of them told us. 

SEE ALSO: A medical diagnostics startup that wants to use CRISPR technology to detect diseases raised $23 million in venture funding

Megan Blewett, 29, is an associate at Venrock

Blewett joined healthcare and tech venture firm Venrock firm in 2017, and her areas of focus are biotech and pharmaceutical investments. Prior to joining the firm, she completed her chemistry PhD at The Scripps Research Institute. Blewett is especially intrigued by the opportunity to use new tools like CRISPR for basic research and tackling disease. 

Blewett was also profiled in Business Insider's under 40 silicon valley biotech venture capitalists list. 

The advice I’d like to share is actually a line my dad would tell me growing up. He would say, “If you want to be great at something, you have to do three things: find your mentors, find your peers, and then do more of that thing than anyone else.” Many years later, I still think that is some of the best advice I’ve ever gotten. With most any career, you need a great coach, great teammates, and then you need to work really hard. 

Inmaculada Hernandez, 28, is an assistant professor of pharmacy and therapeutics at the University of Pittsburgh's school of pharmacy

Hernandez was appointed as a professor when she was 25, and has since conducted and published numerous research studies in various areas relating to the operations of the pharmaceutical industry. 

A recently published study in the Annuals of Internal Medicine that she was first author on found that from 2015 to 2016, manufacturers increased their prices on drugs under shortage almost double the expected rate in absence of a shortage.

My advice is to work hard, be constant, think critically, speak up, and fight the good fight. For an idea or a project to hit it off, it has to have some sort of crazy—otherwise it would be to conventional and hence probably already explored. Tolerance to frustration is highly important as well—I work in science and the norm is to be rejected. The key to success is then to not give up and keep trying.

I love this part of Steve Job’s speech at Stanford: “you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” This is probably not what he meant by this, but my interpretation is that you can’t figure out upfront the results of your hard work. You need to give it all every day, because in the long term, you realize how all of those efforts that may have appeared to be in vain were actually necessary to achieve the outcome. In other words, you need to trust that your hard work will pay off in the future, because it does. And you need to put those hours.

Adegoke Olubusi, 25, is a co-founder of Helium Health

Helium Health wants to be the all-in-one electronic medical record for hospitals across West Africa. The system is currently being used by 5,000 doctors and it has raised $2 million in funding. 

Before creating Helium, Olubusi was a tech analyst at Goldman Sachs. His advice for young entrepreneurs is to carefully chart their startup trajectory before jumping in. 

There’s a fine line between a for-profit enterprise in healthcare and a non-profit and it’s important to define clearly where your business falls in the two categories. In healthcare, particularly in emerging markets, it’s very easy to slide from one to the other and this has huge impact on the course of your startup.

The ad industry is in the midst of a major shakeup, and Wendy Clark — DDB's first female global CEO — is an industry veteran breathing new life into dated models.

She started her career in an entry-level receptionist role at an agency and worked her way through the ranks, with stints on the agency and brand side.

In 2015, Clark left her client-side post at Coca-Cola North America to join Omnicom Group's DDB North America. She now leads more than 2,000 people as the company's global president and CEO.

Clark has used her unique perspective from time spent on the brand side to rethink how to approach client relationships.

She launched DDB Flex, a new operating model that creates integrated, cross-agency teams based on client needs, and led a critical McDonald’s pitch to build out a dedicated agency for the fast-food giant, which resulted in DDB winning part of the business from Publicis Groupe.

"The days of clients force-fitting into fixed agency models are gone,"she has said.

Her industry-transforming work hasn't gone unnoticed. She was named Ad Age's Executive of the Year in 2017.

Hear from Clark at IGNITION, where she'll share her unique point of view of where the tumultuous industry is heading — and explore the agency of the future.

REGISTER now.

To keep up with IGNITION news, join our mailing list, and you'll be the first to get updates on our speakers and agenda.

Join the conversation about this story »

• An injured Steph Curry was spotted wearing a classy timepiece as he watched his teammates lose on Saturday.
• The world famous point guard was sporting a rose gold Santos de Cartier Skeleton, which was released earlier this year.
• The watch is priced at £44,400 ($57,000).
• Curry's Cartier is a far cry from the louder timepieces normally worn by NBA players and sports stars in general, who tend to opt for Richard Mille, Audemars Piguet, and Hublot.

In Steph Curry's absence, the Golden State Warriors proved their mortality on Saturday as they suffered a close defeat at the hands the Dallas Mavericks.

The sharp-shooting point guard is currently recovering from a groin injury he suffered earlier in the month.

While many are still talking about the on-court blow up between Kevin Durant and Draymond Green, onlookers may have missed a glinting accessory on Curry's arm as he watched his team in dismay from the sidelines.

Read more:The Warriors are suddenly imploding in spectacular fashion

Curry was spotted by Hodinkee wearing a gorgeous rose gold Santos de Cartier Skeleton.

Cartier's new take on its classic caused quite a stir in the horological community when it was relaunched in April this year, and it was largely agreed to be a stunning piece of design.

Naturally, the price of the timepiece is only available upon request — so Business Insider requested, and it turns out to be worth a cool £44,400 ($57,000).

The price tag is unlikely to make much of a dent in the wallet of the Warriors star, though, whose $37 million salary makes him the highest-earning player in the NBA.

Curry's skeletonized edition is set in 18K pink gold with a faceted sapphire and features sword-shaped hands and the roman numerals that Cartier is so well known for.

The Santos was originally designed in 1904 for a Brazilian aviator (after whom the watch is named) who wanted to tell the time while flying — and it's proved a popular model ever since.

Curry wore his with a grey alligator strap, which paired beautifully with his double-breasted navy blazer.

Curry's elegant Santos is a refreshing break from the louder timepieces worn by his NBA colleagues, who tend to opt for Hublot Big Bangs, Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Offshores, and garish Richard Milles.

Read more:The most expensive watches worn by 20 of the world's most elite athletes

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Inside an intense training session where aspiring WWE wrestlers learn how to fight

• It's been one of the most active years in senior investment-banking hires and exits since the financial crisis, according to top Wall Street headhunters.
• Business Insider reviewed executive search reports detailing nearly 300 investment-banking moves this year at the managing-director level or higher.
• We've created a chart showing how many top investment bankers each bulge-bracket firm hired and lost this year.

Wall Street investment banks have been poaching rival dealmakers at a rampant pace this year.

In fact, as of early November, there had been more moves by senior investment bankers in the US than there had been in any year since the financial crisis, according to top industry headhunters who work closely with the firms and their bankers and keep tabs on significant personnel changes.

After reviewing reports and talking with some of the industry's top investment-banking search firms, we tallied nearly 300 hires, departures, and resignations of managing directors or other senior investment bankers in the US.

Much of the activity has revolved around the top global banks, which have been competing intensely for a share of the $78.1 billion in investment-banking revenues, of which $38.4 billion comes from the US, according to data from Dealogic.

Unlike years past, when these top banks generally focused on replacing talent lost to increasingly pesky boutiques and independents, many of the big banks are more assertively hiring to capture a bigger slice of the growing deal fee pool — especially given the record amount of merger and acquisition volume in 2018.

Add to the mix an unprecedented amount of shakeups at the highest ranks of bulge-bracket investment banks — Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, and UBS have each undergone major leadership changes — which could have a cascading effect as new power brokers mold their organizations to fit their strategy.

Here's a closer look at the talent churn at the top nine global investment banks — how many notable senior dealmakers they lost in the US and whom they lost them to:

Deutsche Bank, which is having a tumultuous year amid the ouster of CEO John Cryan and subsequent appointment in April of consumer-banking specialist Christian Sewing, stands out with 26 senior losses in the US, spread fairly evenly between bulge-brackets, boutiques and independents, and second-tier investment banks.

Barclays, Credit Suisse, JPMorgan, and Morgan Stanley each saw a greater proportion of its senior dealmakers leave for rival global banks.

Which bulge-bracket banks have been stealing their rivals' talent? This chart — which highlights senior hires and departures in 2018 — shows that Goldman and UBS have been the most active of the big banks, followed by Barclays.

Goldman, the only bank to hire more senior bankers than it lost, according to our headhunter reports, has been particularly aggressive amid its pursuit of $500 million in additional investment-banking revenues by 2020. They've brought in at least 13 dealmaker managing directors in the US this year, many of them at the partner level, like ex-JPMorgan deal wizard Kurt Simon, who joined Goldman in August.

Keep in mind that there are some limitations to these charts and data. First of all, they're not internal figures from the banks. Headhunters keep a great pulse on the most significant and notable moves, but it's possible that the bulge-bracket firms have made hires that slipped under their radar.

Amid the turmoil at Bank of America, for instance, the firm has recently been pointing out that it has added nearly 50 managing directors globally in investment banking in 2017 and 2018, though it hasn't provided specificity beyond that overall figure.

And on that note, our figures are only focused on the extraordinarily active year of 2018. But some banks may have gotten significant hiring out of the way in 2017. Citigroup, for example, hired more than 20 managing directors globally in its corporate and investment bank last year, including lifting a top consumer-retail team from Bank of America, which sparked a war for consumer investment bankers in early 2018.

Also, our figures are focused on senior moves, but not all managing directors are created equal. Losing a few underperforming managing directors and luring one true rainmaker would be a net win for most banks.

That's why Business Insider worked with senior headhunters to winnow that list of nearly 300 moves down to the 40 most significant.

You can check out that list here.

Join the conversation about this story »

• The FBI has designated the far-right "Proud Boys" as an "extremist group with ties to white nationalism," according to a document from the Clark County sheriff's office in Washington state.
• The Proud Boys, which recently made headlines over its involvement in street violence in New York City and Portland, was founded by Vice Media co-founder Gavin McInnes.
• The Proud Boys are known for anti-Muslim and misogynistic rhetoric, the Southern Poverty Law Center says on its website. 

The FBI has designated the far-right "Proud Boys" as an "extremist group with ties to white nationalism," according to a document from the Clark County sheriff's office in Washington state.

The report was obtained by The Guardian via the government transparency nonprofit Property of the People, and it marks the first reported instance of the FBI referring to the group as "extremist."

According to the document, "The FBI has warned local law enforcement agencies that the Proud Boys are actively recruiting in the Pacific north-west."

"Proud Boys members have contributed to the recent escalation of violence at political rallies held on college campuses, and in cities like Charlottesville, Virginia, Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington," the document added.

Read more: 2 stats show why the US government has struggled to fight the rise of white nationalism and domestic terrorism

The authenticity of the report was confirmed to The Guardian by its author. 

The Proud Boys, which recently made headlines over its involvement in street violence in New York City and Portland, was founded by Vice Media cofounder Gavin McInnes during the 2016 presidential campaign. The group describes itself as comprised of "western chauvinists" and believe the "West is best."

McInnes has sought to distance the Proud Boys from associations with white nationalism and the alt-right, but the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) describes it as a "hate group." The Proud Boys are known for anti-Muslim and misogynistic rhetoric, the SPLC says on its website. 

President Donald Trump has faced criticism over his approach to right-wing extremism, as critics say his rhetoric emboldens such movements and those associated with them.

A recent poll by the Public Religion Institute found that a majority of Americans (54%) believe Trump's decisions and behavior have encouraged white supremacist groups.

Read more: Most Americans think Trump has encouraged white supremacists, and some are worried he has become a 'legitimizing voice' for hate groups

Trump in 2017 cut funding to groups focusing on countering right-wing violence, a move that faced condemnation after the president's response to violence at a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, which was organized by former Proud Boys member Jason Kessler.

Since his presidential campaign, Trump has frequently emphasized the danger of "radical Islamic terrorism," but law enforcement data shows white supremacists and other far-right extremists have killed more people since the terror attacks on September 11, 2001, than any other category of domestic extremist. 

The FBI has also faced criticism over its approach to white nationalism and associated groups, as critics say it has not been quick or forceful enough to thwarting far-right extremism even as it's targeted "black identity extremists."

"The FBI’s failure to initially identify the Proud Boys as a violent organization allied with White Nationalists is hardly surprising given the FBI's long record of targeting social justice activists as terrorists while turning a blind eye to the threat posed by the radical right," Ryan Shapiro, executive director of Property of the People, told HuffPost in a statement. 

The FBI avoided explicitly addressing the designation of the Proud Boys as an extremist group in comments to INSIDER, but did say it "does not and will not police ideology."

"Our focus is not on membership in particular groups but on individuals who commit violence and criminal activity that constitutes a federal crime or poses a threat to national security," the FBI said. "When it comes to domestic terrorism, our investigations focus solely on criminal activity of individuals—regardless of group membership—which appears to be intended to intimidate or coerce the civilian population or influence the policy of the government by intimidation or coercion." 

The FBI added that it "regularly assesses intelligence regarding possible threats and works closely to share that information with our federal, state, and local law enforcement partners."

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The Obamas are worth $40 million — here's how they make and spend their money