This is a preview of a research report from BI Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service. To learn more about BI Intelligence, click here.

Major logistics providers have long relied on analytics and research teams to make sense of the data they generate from their operations.

But with volumes of data growing, and the insights that can be gleaned becoming increasingly varied and granular, these companies are starting to turn to artificial intelligence (AI) computing techniques, like machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, to streamline and automate various processes. These techniques teach computers to parse data in a contextual manner to provide requested information, supply analysis, or trigger an event based on their findings. They are also uniquely well suited to rapidly analyzing huge data sets, and have a wide array of applications in different aspects of supply chain and logistics operations.

AI’s ability to streamline so many supply chain and logistics functions is already delivering a competitive advantage for early adopters by cutting shipping times and costs. A cross-industry study on AI adoption conducted in early 2017 by McKinsey found that early adopters with a proactive AI strategy in the transportation and logistics sector enjoyed profit margins greater than 5%. Meanwhile, respondents in the sector that had not adopted AI were in the red.

However, these crucial benefits have yet to drive widespread adoption. Only 21% of the transportation and logistics firms in McKinsey’s survey had moved beyond the initial testing phase to deploy AI solutions at scale or in a core part of their business. The challenges to AI adoption in the field of supply chain and logistics are numerous and require major capital investments and organizational changes to overcome.

In a new report, BI Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service, explores the vast impact that AI techniques like machine learning will have on the supply chain and logistics space. We detail the myriad applications for these computational techniques in the industry, and the adoption of those different applications. We also share some examples of companies that have demonstrated success with AI in their supply chain and logistics operations. Lastly, we break down the many factors that are holding organizations back from implementing AI projects and gaining the full benefits of this disruptive technology.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the report:

• The current interest in and early adoption of AI systems is being driven by several key factors, including increased demands from shippers, recent technological breakthroughs, and significant investments in data visibility by the industry’s largest players.
• AI can deliver enormous benefits to supply chain and logistics operations, including cost reductions through reduced redundancies and risk mitigation, improved forecasting, faster deliveries through more optimized routes, improved customer service, and more.
• Legacy players face many substantial obstacles to deploying and reaping the benefits of AI systems, though, including data accessibility and workforce challenges.
• AI adoption in the logistics industry is strongly skewed toward the biggest players, because overcoming these major challenges requires costly investments in updating IT systems and breaking down data silos, as well as hiring expensive teams of data scientists.
• Although AI implementations are unlikely to result in large-scale workforce reductions in the near term, companies still need to develop strategies to address how workers' roles will change as AI systems automate specific functions.

 In full, the report:

• Details the factors driving adoption of AI systems in the supply chain and logistics field.
• Examines the benefits that AI can deliver in reducing costs and shipping times for supply chain and logistics operations.
• Explains the many challenges companies face in implementing AI in their supply chain and logistics operations to reap the benefits of this transformational technology.

Interested in getting the full report? Here are two ways to access it:

1. Subscribe to an All-Access pass to BI Intelligence and gain immediate access to this report and over 100 other expertly researched reports. As an added bonus, you'll also gain access to all future reports and daily newsletters to ensure you stay ahead of the curve and benefit personally and professionally. >>Learn More Now
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• Netflix's "The Kominsky Method" won best TV comedy and best comedy actor at the 2019 Golden Globes Sunday at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills Sunday.
• Many were upset the show beat out favorites like "The Good Place" and last year's winner, "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel."
• However, more people were confused by the wins, remarking they never even heard of the Netflix comedy. It started a lot of jokes. 

The 2019 Golden Globes took place Sunday at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills and one of the big surprise winners of the evening is Netflix's "The Kominsky Method."

The streaming service's comedy is from "Big Bang Theory" creator Chuck Lorre and stars Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin as a once-famous actor and his longtime agent in Los Angeles, respectively.

Throughout the evening, the show surprised viewers as it won two awards for best TV comedy and best TV actor for Douglas' role as the titular character, Sandy Kominsky.

Notably, people were upset favorites like NBC's "The Good Place" and Amazon's 'The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" lost to the Netflix series.

But most were asking the same question: What even is "The Kominsky Method"?

Many on Twitter said they never even heard of the Netflix show, which premiered on Netflix in November.

Many jokes surrounding the comedy quickly started circulating online.

Visit INSIDER's homepage for more.

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• E! accidentally listed 'The Good Place's' Jameela Jamil as her character's sister during its red carpet feed

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• Chinese markets edged higher ahead of continued trade war talks Monday.
• “I think good things are going to happen” on a trade deal, US President Donald Trump told reporters on Sunday.
• The People's Bank of China (PBOC) slashed its reserve requirement ratio (RRR) Friday by 1% as it seeks to remedy ongoing concerns about the Chinese economy.

Chinese markets rallied on Monday on hopes that the resumption of trade war talks with the US would help end a brutal period for equities. Trade officials will begin two days of talks with their counterparts on Monday in Beijing.

“I think good things are going to happen” on a trade deal, US President Donald Trump told reporters on Sunday, according to the New York Times.

Speaking after the Labor Department published nonfarm payroll figures Friday — which beat expectations to add 312,000 jobs to the US economy - Trump raised the stakes on China once again: "China’s not doing very well now. It puts us in a very strong position. We are doing very well," he told reporters at the White House following the report's release. 

Also lifting sentiment: eased monetary policy from China's central bank. The PBOC made substantial efforts to ease lending conditions Friday with a 1% cut in bank's reserve requirements ratios (the first of four possible cuts in 2019). 

"The start of trade talks between the US and China is helping to lift sentiment, as is a move by the PBoC to ease monetary policy," said Jasper Lawler, head of research at London Capital Group. "Easing trade tensions in addition to Beijing proving that it is ready to step in where necessary is tonic to the markets amid fears of a global economic slowdown." 

Here's the roundup: 

• In Asia, the Shanghai Composite closed up 0.7% while the Nikkei bounced back from Friday's losses to finish 2.4% higher. South Korea's KOSPI closed 1.3% up. 
• European markets opened flat before falling amid weak German manufacturing data showed contracts for goods "Made in Germany" fell by 1% in November. The FTSE 100 us down 0.4% while Germany's DAX is down 0.3% as of 9.40 a.m in London (4.40 a.m EST).
• US Futures are flat with the Nasdaq down 0.2%. 
• Brent Crude oil prices rose 2.1% on US-China trade war hopes, while gold is also up 0.5%. 

It's a sign that the trade war could be swinging in the US's favor with the strain of $250 billion in tariffs knocking the Chinese economy. Though current trade talks are expected to be mid-level, there is optimism that further compromise can be reached ahead of the reintroduction of tariffs on March 2.

US markets have also been buoyed by the Federal Reserve's comments about patience and flexibility on interest rates on Friday.

SEE ALSO: Global stocks are enjoying their first good day of 2019 after China and the US agree to fresh trade talks

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NOW WATCH: The legendary economist who predicted the housing crisis says the US will win the trade war

This is a preview of The Reverse Logistics Report from Business Insider Intelligence. Current subscribers can read the report here.

With e-commerce becoming a lucrative shopping channel, retailers and their logistics partners have been primarily focused on how to quickly move goods through the supply chain and into the hands of consumers — a process commonly referred to as forward logistics. However, the opportunities presented by the growing popularity of e-commerce also come with a challenging, multibillion-dollar downside: returns.

Return rates for e-commerce purchases are between 25% and 30%, compared with just 9% for in-store purchases. Turning reverse logistics — the process of returning goods from end users back to their origins to either recapture value or properly dispose of material — into a costly and high-stakes matter for retailers.

Not only are retailers experiencing more returns as a result of e-commerce growth, but consumer expectations also demand that retailers provide a seamless process. In fact, 92% of consumers agree that they are more likely to shop at a store again if it offers a hassle-free return policy (e.g. free return shipping labels). Some consumers even place large orders with the intention of returning certain items. 

And e-commerce sales are only going up from here, exacerbating the issue and making retailers' need for help more dire. However, for logistics firms that can offer cost-effective reverse logistics solutions, this has opened up a significant opportunity to capture a share of rapidly growing e-commerce logistics costs in the US, which hit $117 billion last year, according to Armstrong & Associates, Inc. estimates. 

InThe Reverse Logistics Report, Business Insider Intelligence examines what makes reverse logistics so much more challenging than forward logistics, explores the trends that have driven retailers to finally improve the way in which returns move through their supply chains, and highlights how logistics firms can act to win over retailers' return dollars.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the report:

• E-commerce is now a core shopping channel for retailers, and it's still growing. US e-commerce sales are set to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14% between 2018 and 2023, surpassing $1 trillion in sales, according to Business Insider Intelligence estimates.
• Booming e-commerce sales have driven product returns through the roof. Business Insider Intelligence estimates that US e-commerce returns will increase at a CAGR of 19% between 2018 and 2023, surpassing $300 million dollars. 
• Consumers have high expectations about how returns are handled, and retailers are struggling to find cost-effective ways to meet their demands. Sixty-four percent of shoppers stated they would be hesitant to shop at a retailer ever again if they found issues with the returns process. And retailers don't have the expertise to effectively keep up with how demanding consumers are about returns — 44% of retailers said their margins were negatively impacted by handling and packaging returns, for example.
• Logistics firms are well positioned to solve — and profit from — returns. These companies can take advantage of their scale and expertise to solve pain points retailers commonly experience as goods move through the reverse supply chain. 
• Reverse logistics solutions themselves present a lucrative opportunity — but they're also appealing in the potential inroads they offer to supply chain management. The global third-party logistics market is estimated to be valued at $865 billion in 2018, according to Bekryl. 

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• Marc Benioff told CNBC that a digital detox while on holiday last year led him to appoint Keith Block as Salesforce's co-CEO.
• Benioff said the strategy was "divide and conquer," and allowed him more time to focus on projects outside of Salesforce.
• Benioff bought Time Magazine with his wife and championed a tech company tax to fight homelessness in San Francisco.

Marc Benioff had a two-week digital detox last year — and it had big implications for how Salesforce is run.

Before going on vacation across the Galapagos, Bora Bora, and Easter Island in July 2018, Benioff mailed his iPhone and iPad in an envelope to his summer residence in Hawaii.

In an interview with CNBC, Benioff said the peace afforded to him by ditching the tech meant he arrived at a significant conclusion that he was too busy.

"So I made a very good decision — to have two CEOs," Benioff told CNBC. He said that the extra time he would get by sharing the job would provide him with a "divide and conquer strategy."

Read more:Salesforce’s CEO sets $20 billion sales target for 2022

In August, Salesforce hired COO Keith Block as its new co-CEO. CNBC reports that the move gave Benioff more time to focus on passion projects. A short time later in September, Benioff and his wife Lynne announced they were buying Time Magazine.

Benioff became embroiled in public life even more as he championed Proposition C, a San Francisco tax designed to take millions from tech firms in order to help alleviate the city's homelessness crisis. He publicly sparred with Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey over the proposition, but ultimately emerged victorious as it passed.

SEE ALSO: Salesforce is hiring its first Chief Ethical and Humane Use officer to make sure its artificial intelligence isn't used for evil

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• Idris Elba shared an "awkward" selfie with James Bond actor Daniel Craig at the 2019 Golden Globe Awards.
• Elba was alluding to years of speculation that he himself could be the next star to take on the role of 007.
• Over the years, Elba has both denounced and leaned into rumors that he could be the next James Bond, most recently saying that there had been no talks between him and the franchise's producers.
• Read all of INSIDER's 2019 Golden Globe coverage here.

It's been a hell of a week for Idris Elba.

Last Wednesday he was announced in the Coachella 2019 lineup, much to the surprise of many music fans who had no idea that Elba moonlights regularly as a DJ.

Read more:Idris Elba is playing at Coachella — and lots of people didn't even know he was a DJ

Just a few days later, Elba was donning a jewel-toned Ozwald Boateng tuxedo for the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills.

On stage, the "Luther" star presented the awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song with singer Taylor Swift and his daughter Isan Elba who was Miss Golden Globe 2019.

Back in the crowd, Elba found himself sat next to James Bond actor Daniel Craig and couldn't resist taking an "awkward" selfie.

The actor captioned the photo "Er..." on Twitter.

Elba was alluding to the years of speculation that he himself could be the next star to take on the role of 007, which would make him the first actor of color to do so.

Over the years, Elba has both denounced and leaned into rumors that he could be the next James Bond.

In 2016, Elba told Business Insider that he did not "get a kick" out of the rumors, however, at a London DJ set last year the actor came out to a remixed version of the James Bond theme song and posted a selfie on Twitter with the caption: "my name's Elba, Idris Elba."

He later told Sky News: "I'm not teasing.

"I'm not meant to be teasing. But you've got to laugh, it's such an incredible rumor that has got out of hand – and hey, why not?"

Elba isn't the only star teasing ahead of "Bond 25," which is set to be released in February 2020. "Bohemian Rhapsody" actor Rami Malek recently spoke about playing the villain in the franchise's next instalment.

"We'll have to see about that," Malek told ET. "It would be nice to play a villain, that would be another dream role for me.

"I've got to play so many great ones so far so who knows. I'm keeping tight-lipped."

Malek's hints conflict with previous reports that producer Barbara Broccoli and EON Productions were looking for a female lead to play the next villain.

As always, we'll just have to wait and see...

READ MORE:

• Here are all the Golden Globes 2019 winners
• Fiji Water Girl makes a splash on the Golden Globes red carpet
• Golden Globe winner Sandra Oh thanked her parents in Korean and people are loving it

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• Apple made its presence felt at CES 2019 with a massive billboard highlighting the iPhone's privacy features.
• Apple doesn't attend CES, the world's biggest tech trade show, as an exhibitor but many of its Android rivals do.
• The company sees privacy as a major differentiator from its competitor.
• The ad happened to appear next to a monorail emblazoned with Google ads.

Apple doesn't officially attend the massive Las Vegas tech show CES, but it's still making its presence felt at the 2019 edition.

The show kicks off on Tuesday, and Apple has taken out a giant outdoor ad on the side of a Marriott hotel in Las Vegas showing the outline of an iPhone and the slogan: "What happens on your iPhone stays on your iPhone." At the bottom of the poster is a URL pointing to Apple's privacy policies.

This is Apple flipping the bird at its Android rivals, since the ad plays on fears that the Google-operated mobile system leaks people's data, be that to governments or hackers.

Apple, on the other hand, has emphasised its role as the phone maker that respects its customers' privacy. Apple fought the FBI when the agency asked Apple to unlock the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, for example.

Read more: This stark chart shows how much Apple stands to lose from Netflix dumping iTunes billing

And when Facebook was in the spotlight for the Cambridge Analytica data scandal last year, Apple CEO Tim Cook reportedly angered Mark Zuckerberg by weighing in. "We're not going to traffic in your personal life," Cook said in June. "Privacy to us is a human right. It's a civil liberty." Cook has also called for digital privacy laws in the US.

The ad happens to be positioned next to Las Vegas' monorail system, whose shuttles are currently emblazoned with ads for Google. Here's a photo showing an ad for Google's virtual assistant, with the trigger words "Hey Google", right next to the Apple ad.

There is a perhaps further unintended irony in that Marriott was affected by a major data breach. The hotel chain announced in January that it had been affected by a major hack, and said on Friday that hackers got hold of 5.25 million passport numbers.

Apple doesn't attend CES as an exhibitor, meaning it doesn't make any announcements at the show and it doesn't appear on the trade show floor. Its employees do show up to observe the competition.

This wouldn't be the first time the company has mocked its competitors. An ad targeted at Android users from April 2018 showed the App Store as much safer than rival stores like Google Play, thanks to Apple's strict vetting processes.

You can read our roundup of everything we're expecting at CES 2019 here.

SEE ALSO: The solution to Apple's problems is easy: Release a cheaper iPhone

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• Stars at the Golden Globes often get hungry as they're fed so early on in the event.
• With this in mind, Melissa McCarthy smuggled in 30 ham and cheese sandwiches.
• She handed them out to fellow attendees, who were extremely grateful for the sustenance.
• See all of INSIDER's coverage of the Golden Globes 2019 here. 

Feeling ravenously hungry and being unable to eat is a highly unpleasant experience, and this is something Melissa McCarthy knows to be true.

At the 76th annual Golden Globes, held at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills on Sunday, the actor managed to smuggle in 30 ham and cheese sandwiches which she secretly handed out to hungry stars over the course of the night.

The reason guests at the awards ceremony often end up with rumbling tummies is that dinner is served early on, before the evening's televised programme, to avoid any clinking cutlery sounds being picked up.

Fortunately, McCarthy had the foresight to plan ahead and sneak in the emergency snacks.

"I've been handing them out to everyone," she told Variety. "Next year, I'm bringing hot dogs."

The plastic-wrapped sandwiches are thought to have come from Los Angeles restaurant and food market, Joan's on Third, whose ham and cheese sandwiches are on the fancier side, consisting of apricot-glazed ham and brie in an artisan ciabatta roll, and costing $12.95 each.

McCarthy's fellow attendees certainly seemed to appreciate her foresight and generosity.

"How did she get them in here?" Jessica Chastain asked, "But it's a good idea because by the time you get into the ballroom dinner has already been served, and you're always so hungry."

"Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" star Rachel Brosnahan revealed to Variety that she usually brings sustenance to the event too, but forgot this year.

And Olivia Colman, who won a Golden Globe for best actress in a comedy or musical film for "The Favourite," even mentioned McCarthy's snacks in her speech: "Thank you for the sandwiches, amazing," she said.

Read more: Golden Globe winner Sandra Oh thanked her parents in Korean and people are loving it

The positive reaction to the sandwiches perhaps isn't too surprising given celebrities haven't been entirely wowed by the Golden Globes' catering in previous years.

In 2018, for example, Chrissy Teigen revealed in a (now deleted) tweet that the food consisted of "f---in finger sandwiches."

This year, stars enjoyed an appetizer of sweet potato vichyssoise with wild micro chives, golden leeks, organic red garnet yams, and roasted pepitas.

The entrée was Chilean seabass served with forbidden black rice, white and green asparagus, globe carrots, crispy herb leaves, and sweet pepper concasse.

The vegetarian alternative was stuffed honeynut squash: local organic honeynut squash, with piquillo pepper hummus, braised rainbow chard, crispy chickpeas, quinoa, golden raisins, and sunflower sprouts.

And dessert was a pistachio cream cheese ivory, made from flourless chocolate, vanilla kirsch genoise, and Cream Cheese Charlotte Pistachio Center

The menu was created by the Beverly Hilton's Executive Chef Matthew Morgan and Executive Pastry Chef Thomas Henzi.

But as delicious as it sounds, the undeniably light meal was unlikely to sustain anyone through the long evening ahead, especially given drinks at the Golden Globes are notoriously free-flowing.

This year's official cocktail is called the Moët Belle, consisting of cachaca, mango juice, ginger syrup, lime juice, and Moët & Chandon Champagne.

Thank goodness for Melissa McCarthy and her sandwiches.

READ MORE:

• Here are all the Golden Globes 2019 winners
• Fiji Water Girl makes a splash on the Golden Globes red carpet
• Golden Globe winner Sandra Oh thanked her parents in Korean and people are loving it

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This is a preview of a research report from Business Insider Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service. To learn more about Business Insider Intelligence, click here.

US consumers have been “cord-cutting” — or canceling their pay-TV subscriptions in favor of internet-delivered alternatives — since 2010.

The number of pay-TV subscribers dropped a record 3.4% year-over-year (YoY) in 2017, and the rate of decline is expected to accelerate further in the coming years. As a result, traditional media companies will continue to see their most important revenue stream erode. To compete in the shifting media landscape, traditional media companies' business strategies must satisfy two goals: extract as much revenue from pay-TV as possible before the opportunity to do so fizzles out, and taper reliance on pay-TV-related revenue along the way.

In this report, Business Insider Intelligence will look at how big media companies are refining their strategies to meet the aforementioned goals and mitigate the impacts of cord-cutting that are detrimental to their business. We also discuss current consumer behavior trends that are simultaneously driving the growth of streaming platforms (like Netflix) and decline of linear TV, as well as actionable insights on how companies can respond.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the report:

• As consumers flee linear TV, they're spending more time on digital video services with ad-free and ad-lite viewing experiences. 
• Media companies are responding by becoming less reliant on pay-TV revenue by launching their own streaming services. 
• Traditional networks are also increasingly seeking M&A opportunities to gain the resources, talent, and technologies necessary to compete with streaming giants.
• More media companies are beginning to experiment with airing fewer commercials per hour to enhance the linear TV viewership experience. 

 In full, the report:

• Explains the decline in US pay-TV subscribers in recent years, and how significantly this decline has diminished the viewership and ad revenue of top TV networks. 
• Outlines the top factors that consumers look for when deciding to subscribe to a streaming service. 
• Details the top recent M&A deals between media companies, and describes how they've positioned those involved to better compete against streaming giants like Netflix.
• Provides direction on how to best approach cutting ad loads on linear TV, and explains why experimenting with airing fewer commercials could be beneficial for viewership.

Subscribe to an All-Access pass to Business Insider Intelligence and gain immediate access to:

	This report and more than 250 other expertly researched reports
	Access to all future reports and daily newsletters
	Forecasts of new and emerging technologies in your industry
	And more!

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• The past few months had been tough for traders, with the S&P 500 tumbling 14% in the fourth quarter.
• While firms across Wall Street are warning of evaporating stock-market returns as soon as this year, Goldman Sachs is here to bring some reassurance.
• Goldman has a strategy tailor-made for such conditions: Buy high growth potential companies early and often.
• The firm highlighted a list of stocks it believes are most undervalued, and will likely rocket higher because of solid earnings.

The past few months have been extremely challenging for investors. After returning 11% through the first 3 quarters of 2018, the benchmark S&P 500 tumbled 14% during the last three months, dropping its annual total return to a negative 4%.

While firms across Wall Street are warning of an impending economic slowdown and evaporating stock market returns as soon as this year, Goldman Sachs is here to bring some reassurance.

The bank has a strategy tailor-made for such conditions: Buy high growth potential companies early and often.

It published a list of stocks that it believes are most undervalued, and will likely rocket higher because of solid earnings. 

Here are the 13 companies Goldman says could deliver the biggest return going forward, in ascending order of their potential upsides (comparing Goldman's price target to where shares were trading as of December 31):

American Airlines

Ticker:AAL

Sector: Industrial

2018 performance: -40%

Price as of December 31: $32.11

Upside to target: 65.1%

Source: Goldman Sachs 

Albemarle

Ticker:ALB

Sector: Material

2018 performance: -41%

Price as of December 31: $77.07

Upside to target: 68.7%

Source: Goldman Sachs 

Aptiv

Ticker:APTV

Sector: Auto

2018 performance: -30%

Price as of December 31: $61.57

Upside to target: 68.9%

Source: Goldman Sachs 

• About one in 10 adults in the US have a food allergy.
• But about one in five think they have one.
• According to a new study, almost half of allergies adults think they have aren't real.
• Rather, many may have food intolerances or other food-related conditions.
• Nearly half of respondents with severe allergies developed them as adults, according to the results.

About one in 10 adults in the US have a food allergy, according to a new study published in the journal JAMA Network Open — but nearly double that amount think they suffer with one despite the fact their symptoms are not consistent with a true allergy.

Scientists from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University looked at data from a survey of 40,000 adults. Out of those surveyed, 10.8% reported severe allergy symptoms like a tightening throat and anaphylactic shock, and another 8.2% said they believed they had allergies, without those symptoms.

"While we found that one in 10 adults have [a] food allergy, nearly twice as many adults think that they are allergic to foods, while their symptoms may suggest food intolerance or other food related conditions," said Ruchi Gupta, a doctor from Lurie Children's and lead author of the study.

"It is important to see a physician for appropriate testing and diagnosis before completely eliminating foods from the diet. If food allergy is confirmed, understanding the management is also critical, including recognizing symptoms of anaphylaxis and how and when to use epinephrine."

Just half of those with a severe allergy had a physician-confirmed diagnosis, the results suggested, and less than a quarter said they had a prescription of epinephrine — or an "EpiPen" that usually relieves the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

The most common food allergies among US adults are shellfish (affecting 7.2 million adults), milk (4.7 million), peanuts (4.5 million), tree nuts (3 million), fish (2.2 million), eggs (2 million), wheat (2 million), soy (1.5 million), and sesame (0.5 million).

The team were surprised to find that nearly half of allergic respondents developed at least one of their food allergies as an adult.

"More research is needed to understand why this is occurring and how we might prevent it," said Gupta.

Gideon Lack, a professor of paediatric allergy at King's College London, told The Guardian there has been a rise in children developing food allergies in recent years.

"We have been focusing efforts and concerns about food allergy in children," he said. "And this study is telling us there is a very significant burden of food-allergic disease in adults and we ought to be directing more attention and resources towards diagnosing and treating those adults."

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: The legendary economist who predicted the housing crisis says the US will win the trade war

• Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has surpassed a chicken nugget-loving US teen by posting the most retweeted tweet ever.
• Maezawa's tweet offered a financial incentive for people to retweet it.
• Elon Musk announced in September that Maezawa had purchased a ticket to fly around the moon on SpaceX's Big Falcon rocket.

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa made headlines last year when Elon Musk announced he would be the first commercial passenger to be flown around the moon in SpaceX's Big Falcon rocket. Now, he's broken the record for most retweeted tweet ever.

The record was held by Carter Wilkerson, a US teen who in 2017 asked Wendys how many retweets he would need to be awarded a year's supply of free chicken nuggets.

The fast-food chain replied with "18 million," and Wilkerson's subsequent tweet begging people to help him achieve his goal racked up 3.5 million retweets. Although Wilkerson did not hit the target of 18 million, Wendy's acquiesced and gave him a year's supply anyway.

Read more:Meet Yusaku Maezawa, a Japanese musician turned billionaire art collector who's going to be the first person to travel to the moon with SpaceX

At the time of writing, Maezawa's tweet has racked up more than 4.5 million retweets, outstripping Wilkerson by more than a million. The post itself is a celebration of Maezawa's clothing company, Zozotown, making 10 billion yen ($92 million) in sales over Christmas and New Year.

However, Maezawa is operating with two major advantages. Firstly, he is already a public figure with over five million followers, whereas TechCrunch reports that Wilkerson only had 138 followers when his nugget appeal went viral.

Secondly — and perhaps most tellingly — Maezawa offered a financial incentive for people to retweet. He has promised to share 100 million yen ($923,000) between 100 randomly selected people who retweeted him.

Business Insider has contacted Twitter to ask about its policy regarding gambling on the platform.

SEE ALSO: The first tourist to fly around the moon on SpaceX's new rocket ship bought all the seats for artists — and Elon Musk said it restored his faith in humanity

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NOW WATCH: Why NASA blasts half a million gallons of water during rocket launches

• Elon Musk kicked off the construction of Tesla's new $2 billion "Gigafactory" in China on Monday, which he says will be ready this summer.
• A factory on Chinese soil may help Musk dodge tariffs imposed by China as part of Donald Trump's trade war.
• Tesla said in October it was accelerating construction because tariffs as high as 40% were making it uncompetitive in China.
• Since then, a temporary truce has brought rates back to 15% — but that expires on March 1, and it is unclear where they will end up. A Chinese base would shelter Tesla against potential future tariff hikes.
• The factory will only make the Model 3, while the Model S and X will be built in Tesla's two US factories.

Elon Musk kicked off construction of his new Tesla Gigafactory in Shanghai, a project which could help him get around tariffs on cars which have recently been inflamed by Donald Trump's trade war with China.

Musk gave a speech at the site of the planned $2 billion factory in the Lingang district of Shanghai at around 3:00 p.m. local time (2:00 a.m. ET) on Monday.

The new factory, first announced in July 2018, could be a remedy to problems operating in China, which Tesla said were partly down to Donald Trump's trade war. Musk said the factory will be finished by the end of 2019.

In October, Tesla said tariffs imposed by China to counter those made by Trump "resulted in an import tariff rate of 40% on Tesla vehicles versus 15% for other imported cars in China."

It additionally cited "headwinds we have been facing from the ongoing trade tensions between the US and China" as a problem.

Read more:US companies are using an ingenious method to game the system and avoid the worst of Trump's trade war

Last month China dialled back the 40% tariff rate to 15% as part of the 90-day truce agreed by President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping.

It will revert to 40% on March 1, 2019, unless the two nations agree something else.

Tesla plans for the new Shanghai factory to produce 500,000 cars a year on Chinese soil.

Exactly how much this could save Tesla will depend on what the tariff regime is when production begins.

It will also hinge on the precise details of the supply chain. (For example, Tesla components made in the US, then shipped to the Shanghai factory for assembly, would still likely face some kind of tariff.)

Nonetheless, Tesla has previously said that the factory would help deal with the tariff problem. In the October statement, Tesla said it would accelerate construction as a response to the trade problems.

Read more:Elon Musk is worth about $23 billion and has never taken a paycheck from Tesla — here's how the notorious workaholic and father of 5 makes and spends his fortune

In November, Tesla cut the price of their cars in China to balance out the cost of new tariffs imposed by the Chinese government.

Musk got permission from the Chinese government on July 10 to build the factory, Tesla's first outside the US.

The other two Gigafactories are in Storey County, Nevada, and Buffalo, New York. 

The Shanghai factory would double the size of the electric car maker’s global manufacturing, Reuters said.

Tesla have also registered a financial leasing company in China with $30 million registered in capital, Reuters reported. This will allow it to speed up "leasing and consultancy" contracts to get the factory up and running.

On Monday before the ceremony, Musk sent off a string of tweets about the factory.

"Aiming to finish initial construction this summer, start Model 3 production end of year & reach high volume production next year.

Shanghai Giga production of Model 3/Y will serve greater China region. Shanghai Giga will produce affordable versions of 3/Y for greater China.

All Model S/X & higher cost versions of Model 3/Y will still be built in US for WW market, incl China."

China's retaliatory tariffs were imposed after Trump ordered tariffs on on $34 billion worth of goods imported from China.

The trade war cooled off slightly over the holiday period, with Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping agreeing a suspension of car and car-part tariffs from January 1 for three months.

The factory will be China’s first wholly foreign-owned car plant, Reuters said.

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NOW WATCH: These bespoke metal cars take 2,000 hours to make by hand — see the step-by-step process

• Former Barclays CEO John Varley is among four defendants on trial for fraud allegations linked to 2008's global financial crisis.
• The trial is set to take four months over charges related to the bank's emergency refinancing arrangements from investors in Qatar during the crisis. 
• It is the first jury trial for a chief executive of a major bank implicated in the crash. There is a possibility of a 10-year prison sentence for the defendants. 

A landmark case in London could potentially imprison one of the highest-level banking executives ever charged in relation to the 2008 financial crisis. 

Proceedings officially begin on Monday for the trial of Barclays CEO John Varley, who is charged with fraud. The trial, still in its early stages, is part of the UK's first set of criminal cases pursuing senior bankers for crisis-era events.

The Financial Times reported that Varley is one of four defendants facing charges related to the bank's arrangements with Middle Eastern investors in the wake of the crisis. In a bid to avoid being part of the British government's bailout effort — which would have made the bank look weak — Barclays reached out to investors to secure independent financing worth £11.8 billion ($15.5 billion), with £6.1 billion coming from Qatar. Britain's Serious Fraud Office (SFO) alleges that some £300 million was spent by the bankers to induce the investment from Qatar, which was not fully disclosed to the market or other investors. The four defendants all deny the charges, which carry a 10-year maximum sentence.

After six years and interviews with at least 40 people, the case is heading to trial. 

The case is a landmark moment for the SFO, which recently made personnel changes to ensure the flagship case made it to trial after its general counsel quit the watchdog for a law firm.

The SFO previously secured an 11-year prison term for criminal bankers

The stakes are high for the British financial watchdog after two other high-profile SFO cases were thrown out in recent years, including the trial of former Tesco supermarket executives over an alleged accounting scandal, and charges against brokers who allegedly rigged interest rate that banks use to lend with each other, known as Libor.

Similarly, the SFO saw its case against Barclays – separate to the case against the individual ex-bosses – over Qatari fundraising dismissed by a court last year. The SFO later lost an appeal to reinstate those charges.

Still, the SFO has had other wins: British trader Tom Hayes in 2015 became the first, and so far only, person to be sentenced to jail for rigging Libor, the institutional lending rate. He is currently serving an 11-year prison sentence.

Though proceedings officially begin Monday for Varley, a jury is not expected to be sworn in until mid-January, with opening arguments not starting until January 21.

The other defendants, the FT said, include Roger Jenkins, Tom Kalaris and Richard Boath, the former European head of the investment bank’s financial institutions group.

SEE ALSO: The bizarre story of 1MDB, the Goldman Sachs-backed Malaysian fund that turned into one of the biggest scandals in financial history

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NOW WATCH: The legendary economist who predicted the housing crisis says the US will win the trade war

Here is what you need to know.

1. China sends Xi's top economic adviser to talk trade. Vice Premier Liu He, the top economic adviser to Chinese President Xi Jinping, made an unexpected appearance at trade talks in Beijing on Monday, Bloomberg says.
2. Brexit estimated to cause $1 trillion of assets to leave the UK for the EU. "The closer we get to 29 March without a deal, the more assets will be transferred and headcount hired locally or relocated," said Omar Ali, the UK financial services leader at the consultancy EY, according to Reuters.
3. Citi says 'buy this latest dip.'The bank says that its "Bear Market Checklist" shows only 3 1/2 of its 18 factors flashing a sell signal and that it will become more worried "when 7-8 factors are flagging caution."
4. One market pro explains why 'tech is no longer special.'The tech sector isn't what it used to be, and the pain is just getting started, according to Vincent Deluard, a macro strategist at INTL FCStone.
5. Sears is getting closer to liquidating. A rescue effort by the company's chairman, Eddie Lampert, has so far fallen short, and Abacus Advisory Group has been tasked with selling the chain's vast inventories of tools, appliances, and store fixtures if the bid fails, Reuters says.
6. Tesla breaks ground at its Shanghai Gigafactory. "Looking forward to breaking ground on the @Tesla Shanghai Gigafactory today!" CEO Elon Musk tweeted early Monday.
7. Marc Benioff wants to double his company's sales by 2022. Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff told CNBC he's targeting $20 billion of sales by 2022, up from $10.48 billion in 2018.
8. Goldman Sachs likes these 13 stocks. The bank has released its list of the stocks it believes are most undervalued and will most likely rocket higher because of solid earnings.
9. Global markets trade mixed. Japan's Nikkei (+2.44%) led the gains in Asia and Britain's FTSE (-0.53%) trailed in Europe. The S&P 500 was set to open down 0.28% near 2,525.
10. US economic data is light. ISM nonmanufacturing will cross the wires at 10 a.m. ET. Meanwhile, factory orders were postponed because of the government shutdown. The US 10-year yield is down 2 basis points at 3.65%.

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NOW WATCH: The equity chief at $6.3 trillion BlackRock weighs in on the trade war, a possible recession, and offers her best investing advice for a tricky 2019 landscape

• Baird & Co. refines 99.99% pure gold.
• It goes through over 10 tons of gold a year.
• It makes cast bars, minted bars, and coins.
• The refinery also makes wedding rings and refines silver.

Baird & Co. is the only gold refinery in the UK. The company goes through over 10 tons of gold a year in their East London site, where it produces 99.99% pure gold and then turns it into cast bars, minted bars, and coins.

The refinery gets its gold from two sources. Primary: gold from mines that is 90% pure. Secondary: broken jewellery from that is 37% pure.

The gold is washed in chemicals to reach a concentration of 99.99%. The lower the concentration, the more washes the metal needs.

Throughout the refining process, gold keeps changing form and turns into scrap bars, cornflakes, sand, and eventually grains, which are made of pure gold only.

Grains are then turned into cast bars, minted bars, or coins. The smallest bar that Baird & Co. makes is a 1-gram bar, which is worth £31, and the most expensive one is a 5-kilograms one worth £160,000.

The refinery also makes wedding rings, refines silver, and processes platinum, palladium, and rhodium.

Produced by Claudia Romeo. Filmed by Claudia Romeo and David Ibekwe.

SEE ALSO: Inside Dr. Martens’ only UK factory where its iconic Made In England range has been manufactured since 1960

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• A new trading venue called the Small Exchange is hoping to disrupt the futures market by creating products more accessible for retail investors.
• Six introductory brokers and six futures commission merchants have given verbal commitments to the exchange, according to CEO Donnie Roberts. 
• Media and brokerage business tastytrade and Chicago prop shop Peak6 have invested $10 million into the venture, according to Crain's Chicago Business. 
• The Commodities Futures Trading Commission has 180 days from when the application was filed — December 7 — to grant approval. 

It’s got a small name, but big hopes.

The Small Exchange might sound like a humble venture, but the new trading venue has hefty goals. Mainly, that it wants to make the futures market, which historically has catered to big Wall Street traders, more available to mom-and-pop investors.

“The incumbent futures exchanges, their products, their functionality, the size of their products and the non-standardization eliminated access to the retail customer,” Small Exchange CEO Donnie Roberts said in an interview with Business Insider. “They are difficult to understand.”

For retail investors, options, which allow the holder the choice to buy or sell a security at a specific price on a certain date in the future, have been the derivative of choice in recent years. Online brokerage Robinhood, which launched options trading for customers in late 2017, told Business Insider it had eclipsed $2 billion in volume by June 2018. 

Meanwhile, the size of the most liquid futures contracts, which are agreements to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a specific date, are geared towards big Wall Street investors. The contract size of CME's E-Mini S&P 500 product, one of the most heavily traded futures contracts in the world, is a 50-times multiple of the S&P 500 index, valuing it at over $126,00. 

The Small Exchange is hoping to change that by offering smaller contracts it believes are better-sized for retail consumption, with standardized tick prices for all contracts. 

The exchange, which filed its application to become a designated contract market with the Commodities Futures Trading Commission in December, will initially offer five cash-settled contracts based on proprietary indices in equities, interest rates, metals, energy and foreign exchange.

The level of interest from retail investors in futures, which are complicated, risky financial products, remains to be seen. Roberts acknowledges that the size, speed and movement of the derivative can deter some people from trading them. However, he points to the growth of options, specifically those based on equities, amongst retail investors in recent years as evidence that retail investors  are interested in financial products that allow them to speculate or hedge their risk in more traditional portfolios.

“We feel that we can teach, educate, and provide tradable products that these people can consume, understand and use effectively without the huge size that comes with the current futures contracts,” Roberts said.

Roberts was sparse with details, declining to get into specifics around contract sizes. The exchange’s trading system, matching engine and risk monitoring system are all built in-house, he said.

As a way of enticing brokers and customers alike to trade on the new exchange, Roberts said those who join within 15 days of the exchange gaining regulatory approval will have renewal and annual fees waived and get a discount on exchange and market data fees. Despite the early-adopter discount, Roberts said the business plan for the exchange is to generate revenue via exchange fees. 

Breaking into the futures market is no easy task, though, as consolidation of exchanges over the years has created a top-heavy industry. Chicago-based CME Group and Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange handle a majority of futures trading in the US, in addition to the Chicago Board Options Exchange.  

But Roberts is hoping that his background as the former president and chief operating officer at TD Ameritrade’s futures and forex division, can prepare him for this challenge. He also was a founding employee and principle of thinkorswim, TD’s platform and educational tool for online trading.

Roberts has also been able to garner support from some market participants. Six introductory brokers and six futures commission merchants have given verbal commitments to the exchange, Roberts said. He declined to name brokers, citing confidentiality reasons, with the exception of tastyworks, whose parent company is an investor in the exchange along with Chicago prop shop Peak6, according to Crain’s Chicago Business.  

The exchange has also secured a letter of intent from a clearinghouse, although it is still waiting on a clearing services agreement, a requirement for regulatory approval. The two sides are still discussing specifics such as margin requirements, Roberts said. He declined to name the clearinghouse, but said it’s one of the “preeminent designated contract clearing organizations on the futures side” and all committed brokers are already members.

The CFTC will have 180 days from the date the Small Exchange filed its application — December 7 — to grant approval. Roberts hopes to launch the exchange by the beginning of the third quarter, but admits that the current partial government shutdown could push the timeline back.

“It is paining me right now, because the government is shut down and I cannot reach anybody at the CFTC. … That will elongate our timeframe, or it has the possibility to do that,” Roberts said. “I feel confident that we checked all their boxes. Once they get back in the office I hope to work through that with them in a very expedient fashion.”

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• Pizza Hut will have expanded beer delivery to 300 locations across the US by mid-January, the chain announced on Monday. 
• By this summer, the chain plans to deliver beer from 1,000 locations. 
• Pizza Hut has struggled to grow sales in the US in recent years and is pushing beer as a unique option that customers can't find at other pizza delivery rivals. 

Pizza Hut is expanding beer delivery to hundreds of locations across America. 

By mid-January, customers will be able to order beer for delivery at nearly 300 locations across the US, including restaurants in Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Ohio, the chain announced on Monday. By this summer, Pizza Hut plans to offer beer delivery at 1,000 locations. 

Pizza Hut is pushing beer delivery leading up to Super Bowl LIII in early February. The Super Bowl is one of the biggest business days of the year at the chain. 

In February 2018, Pizza Hut announced it had signed a multiyear agreement to be the NFL's official pizza sponsor, one day after Papa John's said it had ended its NFL sponsorship deal.

Read more: Pizza Hut is trying to cash in on NFL fans by taking the opposite approach of Papa John's and Nike

"I know that they've been down the past few years, but if you look at NFL games, they continue to be the highest-rated programming in television today," Marianne Radley, Pizza Hut's chief brand officer, told Business Insider in September."And, there's nothing that's suggesting that's going to change."

Pizza Hut has struggled to grow same-store sales in the US in recent years. So, the chain is hoping that the beer-and-pizza combination can help the chain catch up. 

Pizza Hut launched its beer delivery test in Arizona in December 2017. Since then, it has expanded in seven states. 

SEE ALSO: The company behind Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut hasn't been caught up in the restaurant industry acquisition spree — yet. Here is what the president is looking for.

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NOW WATCH: The true story behind the name 'Black Friday' is much darker than you may have thought

This is a preview of a research report from Business Insider Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service. To learn more about Business Insider Intelligence, click here.

What is eSports? History & Rise of Video Game Tournaments

Years ago, eSports was a community of video gamers who would gather at conventions to play Counter Strike, Call of Duty, or League of Legends.

These multiplayer video game competitions would determine League of Legends champions, the greatest shooters in Call of Duty, the cream of the crop of Street Fighter players, the elite Dota 2 competitors, and more.

But today, as the history of eSports continue to unfold, media giants such as ESPN and Turner are broadcasting eSports tournaments and competitions. And in 2014, Amazon acquired Twitch, the live streaming video platform that has been and continues to be the leader in online gaming broadcasts. And YouTube also wanted to jump on the live streaming gaming community with the creation of YouTube Gaming.

eSports Market Growth Booming

To put in perspective how big eSports is becoming, a Google search for "lol" does not produce "laughing out loud" as the top result. Instead, it points to League of Legends, one of the most popular competitive games in existence. The game has spawned a worldwide community called the League of Legends Championship Series, more commonly known as LCS or LOL eSports.

What started as friends gathering in each other's homes to host LAN parties and play into the night has become an official network of pro gaming tournaments and leagues with legitimate teams, some of which are even sponsored and have international reach. Organizations such as Denial, AHQ, and MLG have multiple eSports leagues.

And to really understand the scope of all this, consider that the prize pool for the latest Dota 2 tournament was more than $20 million.

Websites even exist for eSports live scores to let people track the competitions in real time if they are unable to watch. There are even fantasy eSports leagues similar to fantasy football, along with the large and growing scene of eSports betting and gambling.

So it's understandable why traditional media companies would want to capitalize on this growing trend just before it floods into the mainstream. Approximately 300 million people worldwide tune in to eSports today, and that number is growing rapidly. By 2020, that number will be closer to 500 million.

eSports Industry Analysis - The Future of the Competitive Gaming Market

Financial institutions are starting to take notice. Goldman Sachs valued eSports at $500 million in 2016 and expects the market will grow at 22% annually compounded over the next three years into a more than $1 billion opportunity.

And industry statistics are already backing this valuation and demonstrating the potential for massive earnings. To illustrate the market value, market growth, and potential earnings for eSports, consider Swedish media company Modern Times Group's $87 million acquisition of Turtle Entertainment, the holding company for ESL. YouTube has made its biggest eSports investment to date by signing a multiyear broadcasting deal with Faceit to stream the latter's Esports Championship Series. And the NBA will launch its own eSports league in 2018.

Of course, as with any growing phenomenon, the question becomes: How do advertisers capitalize? This is especially tricky for eSports because of its audience demographics, which is young, passionate, male-dominated, and digital-first. They live online and on social media, are avid ad-blockers, and don't watch traditional TV or respond to conventional advertising.

So what will the future of eSports look like? How high can it climb? Could it reach the mainstream popularity of baseball or football? How will advertisers be able to reach an audience that does its best to shield itself from advertising?

Business Insider Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service, has compiled an unparalleled report on the eSports ecosystem that dissects the growing market for competitive gaming. This comprehensive, industry-defining report contains more than 30 charts and figures that forecast audience growth, average revenue per user, and revenue growth.

Companies and organizations mentioned in the report include: NFL, NBA, English Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, NHL, Paris Saint-Germain, Ligue 1, Ligue de Football, Twitch, Amazon, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, ESPN, Electronic Arts, EA Sports, Valve, Riot Games, Activision Blizzard, ESL, Turtle Entertainment, Dreamhack, Modern Times Group, Turner Broadcasting, TBS Network, Vivendi, Canal Plus, Dailymotion, Disney, BAMTech, Intel, Coca Cola, Red Bull, HTC, Mikonet

Here are some eSports industry facts and statistics from the report:

• eSports is a still nascent industry filled with commercial opportunity.
• There are a variety of revenue streams that companies can tap into.
• The market is presently undervalued and has significant room to grow.
• The dynamism of this market distinguishes it from traditional sports.
• The audience is high-value and global, and its numbers are rising.
• Brands can prosper in eSports by following the appropriate game plan.
• Game publishers approach their Esport ecosystems in different ways.  
• Successful esport games are comprised of the same basic ingredients.
• Digital streaming platforms are spearheading the popularity of eSports.
• Legacy media are investing into eSports, and seeing encouraging results.
• Traditional sports franchises have a clear opportunity to seize in eSports.
• Virtual and augmented reality firms also stand to benefit from eSports.  

In full, the report illuminates the business of eSports from four angles:

• The gaming nucleus of eSports, including an overview of popular esport genres and games; the influence of game publishers, and the spectrum of strategies they adopt toward their respective esport scenes; the role of eSports event producers and the tournaments they operate.
• The eSports audience profile, its size, global reach, and demographic, psychographic, and behavioral attributes; the underlying factors driving its growth; why they are an attractive target for brands and broadcasters; and the significant audience and commercial crossover with traditional sports.
• eSports media broadcasters, including digital avant-garde like Twitch and YouTube, newer digital entrants like Facebook and traditional media outlets like Turner’s TBS Network, ESPN, and Canal Plus; their strategies and successes in this space; and the virtual reality opportunity.
• eSports market economics, with a market sizing, growth forecasts, and regional analyses; an evaluation of the eSports spectacle and its revenue generators, some of which are idiosyncratic to this industry; strategic planning for brand marketers, with case studies; and an exploration of the infinite dynamism and immense potential of the eSports economy.

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• Bakerloo line is one of London's oldest Tube lines, opening in 1906.
• The line is serviced by the oldest trains on the London Underground.
• Full-time Tube drivers earn £52,972 a year.

Business Insider joined a Bakerloo line driver on her daily routine driving a train on the London Underground. 

Jackie Moriarty has been a driver for 19 years, she told us the things she likes, dislikes, and has experienced while working for Transport for London. 

Being a Tube driver can be quite demanding, requiring long periods of concentration and many hours in isolation. However, perks do come with the job such as being able to travel free on TFL services.

Do you think you could be a tube driver in London? Watch the video and see what it's like.

Produced and filmed by David Ibekwe. Special thanks to Transport for London.

SEE ALSO: Inside the Elizabeth Line — the biggest-ever upgrade to the London transport system, complete with brand-new trains

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